Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SF4 Exam 2 > Androgens and Glucocorticoids > Flashcards

Androgens and Glucocorticoids Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

principle adrenal androgen secreted by zona reticularis

A

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DHEA is secreted primarily as

A

DHEA sulfate (DHEAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what serve as indicators of adrenal androgen production

A

DHEA and DHEAS plasma levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the zona reticularis secretes small amounts of what alongside DHEA

A

androstenedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

metabolism of DHEA is what and why

A

slow

b/c of high affinity for albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DHEA and androstenedione (what is their androgen activity like and why)

A

little androgen activity b/c of low affinity for androgen receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens to DHEA and androstenedione

A

converted to more potent androgens peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fetal adrenal cortex is composed of what

A

outer neocortex

larger inner fetal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the outer neocortex of fetal adrenal gland contains what

A

cells that will differentiate into three morphologically distinct zones of the adult adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the inner fetal zone of the fetal adrenal gland does what

A

source of DHEA sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens to DHEA sulfates produced by fetal adrenal gland

A

converted to estrogens by placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

circulating levels of adrenal androgens are relatively constant when

A

early childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

circulating levels of adrenal androgens begin to rise when

A

6-7 years old in girls

7-8 years old in boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adrenarche (what is it)

A

age at which circulating levels of adrenal androgens begin to rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what produces DHEAS in fetus

A

inner fetal zone (involutes at birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

growth of axillary and pubic hair the proceeds gonadal steroidogenesis is due to what

A

biologically active androgens that are derived from adrenal androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adrenarche (relation to puberty)

A

adrenarche does not appear to be involved in the initiation of puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

adrenal androgens in males after puberty (what about em)

A

unimportant b/c of large amounts of androgens produced by testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in females androgens are required for what

A

maintenance of libido

growth of pubic and axillary hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens to androgen levels throughout adolescence

A

increase progressively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

major source of androgen (for males and for females)

A

males- testes (after puberty)

females- adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what plays a role in regulating adrenal androgen secretion

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adrenal androgens do or do not exert a negative feedback effect on ACTH

A

do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

glucocorticoid synthesis occurs where in the adrenal cortex

A

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
glucocorticoid synthesis occurs in the adrenal cortex in response to what
ACTH
26
most important glucocorticoid in humans
cortisol
27
most accurate estimate of daily cortisol output is
24-hour urinary exertion of unmetabolized cortisol
28
enhanced activity of synthetic glucocorticoids is due to what
increased affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor | delayed plasma clearance
29
what is the principle physiological regulator of cortisol release
ACTH
30
ACTH is the cleavage product of what
POMC
31
ACTH is released from corticotropes in what type of pattern
secretory pulses throughout the day
32
on binding its receptor ACTH stimulates formation of what via what
cAMP formation via Gs protein mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase
33
effects of acute ACTH stimulation are
increase in hydrolysis of stored cholesterol esters increase in synthesis of StAR protein increase in steroid hormone synthesis increase in blood flow to adrenal cortex
34
effects of chronic ACTH stimulation are
increase in growth and cell proliferation in the zona fasciculate and reticular increase in synthesis of steroidogenic enzymes, LDL receptors and other proteins
35
effects of long term suppression of ACTH
adrenal gland atrophy
36
excessive ATCH production causes
adrenal gland hypertorphy
37
principle regulator of ACTH secretion is
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
38
CRH stimulates ACTH synthesis and release by what type of mechanism
cAMP-dependent
39
AVP promotes ACTH synthesis and release how
potentiating the action of CRH by activating IP3 pathway via Gq
40
cortisol is released according to what type of pattern
pulsatile (due to pulsatile secretion of ACTH) but in accordance to circadian pattern
41
cortisol release is characterized by what type of rhythm
diurnal rhythm
42
cortisol levels are highest when
in the morning upon wakening
43
cortisol levels are lowest when
in the late evening hours
44
with time changes in sleeping patters dow hat to cortisol release
change ones diurnal pattern of cortisol release
45
circadian pattern of cortisol release is regulated by what
suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
46
efferent fibers from the SCN project to where to regulate the diurnal pattern of CRH release
paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
47
the diurnal pattern of CRH release establishes what
diurnal pattern of ACTH release (and thus cortisol levels)
48
how does CNS mediate the effects of stress on cortisol release
increasing activity of CRH-secreting hypothalamic neurons
49
stress mediates the release of what by CRH secreting neurons (other than CRH)
vasopressin
50
vasopressin does what in relation to cortisol
potentiates CRH-medated ACTH secretion
51
the effects of stress can override what
diurnal effects and negative feedback control
52
in absence of ACTH stimulation what happens to cortisol synthesis
declines
53
cortisol has negative feedback effects on what
CRH and ACTH
54
cortisol is essential for what
survival
55
cortisol plays a critical role in?
enabling the body to adapt to fasting and respond to stressful conditions
56
many actions of cortisol are misunderstood why
it often plays a permissive role in regulating cell function
57
permissive role of cortisol (what does it mean)
acts by making sure that the cell has the capacity to fully respond when the process is activated
58
permissive role of cortisol (name one)
induces expression of glycogen synthase
59
cortisol plays essential role in preventing what during a fast
hypoglycemia
60
how does cortisol prevent hypoglycemia during a fast
inducing expression of enzymes that support glucose production
61
what does cortisol do in the liver
promotes gluconeogenesis
62
how does cortisol promote gluconeogenesis
mobilizes amino acids
63
how does cortisol mobilize amino acids
inhibiting protein synthesis and stimulating protein catabolism
64
cortisol has permissive effect on formation of?
glycogen
65
cortisol conserves blood carbohydrates how?
blocking glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
66
what happens to levels of circulating fatty acids and glycerol within a matter of hours of beginning a fast
increase in both
67
during a fast what happens to circulating levels of cortisol
stay the same
68
cortisol's stimulatory effects on catecholamine-induced lipolysis are mostly what?
permissive
69
when present in excess what does cortisol promote (in terms of fat) and where
fat deposition | especially in trunk and face
70
hypoadrenal patients tend to exhibit what during a fast?
fasting hypoglycemia
71
individuals subject to chronic glucocorticoid excess tend to be what?
hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic
72
in glucocorticoid excess what is the result of the catabolic actions of the glucocorticoids
muscle weakness and skin and connective tissue wasting
73
people with glucocorticoid deficiency or chronic excess show what type of CNS issues
``` mood behavior wakefulness perception of sensory signal intensity appetite ```
74
what effect does cortisol have on calcium
inhibits uptake by gut and reabsorption by kidney
75
what effect does cortisol have on erythropoiten synthesis
stimulates it
76
cortisol effects what in development
alveolar maturation and surfactant production
77
what use do glucocorticoids have in anticipated premature delivery
accelerate fetal lung development
78
excess levels of glucocorticoids increase risk of what bone problem
osteoporosis
79
glucocorticoids act directly on the bone to
inhibit bone formation | lesser extent promote bone resorption
80
glucocorticoids have what effect on inflammatory response
suppress it
81
glucocorticoids suppress the inflammatory response how
blocking expression of genes that code for pro inflammatory cytokines
82
glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of key enzymes like what? that catalyze the synthesis of inflammatory agents
phospholipase A2
83
glucocorticoids do what to NO synthase
inhibit it
84
cortisol induces synthesis of what anti-inflammatory protein that inhibits phospholipase A2
lipocortin (annexin)

SF4 Exam 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions