Anemia

Question 1

Causes of anemia

Answer 1

Decreased RBC production
Blood loss
Increased RBC destruction

Question 2

Treatment of anemia

Answer 2

Find cause of the bleeding

Question 3

i. Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic tissues

ii. Carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

Answer 3

RBC function

Question 4

How to diagnose Anemia

Answer 4

CBC
Reticulocyte count (hyper-blood loss; hypo-deficiency)
Peripheral blood smear (what type of blood cell)

Question 5

Anemia causes by the body response to

Answer 5

hypoxia

Question 6

Hgb levels

Female & Male

Answer 6

F: 12-16
M: 14-18

Question 7

Mild anemia s/s

Answer 7

Mild fatigue
Palpitations
Dyspnea

Question 8

Moderate anemia s/s

Answer 8

cardiac involvement & respiratory symptoms (w/ rest & activity)

Question 9

Severe anemia s/s

Answer 9

Hgb less than 6
Murmur
Tachycardia
Intermittent claudication
Blurry vision
Spleen enlargement
Sores in mouth

Question 10

Anemia Integumentary manifestations

Answer 10

Pallor
Jaundice
Pruritus

Question 11

Anemia cardiopulmonary manifestations

Answer 11

CO: increased HR & SV

Question 12

Three changes in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production

Answer 12

Decreased Hgb synthesis–iron deficiency
Defective DNA synthesis–colbalmin & folic acid
Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors–stem cells

Question 13

Iron-deficiency anemia Etiology

Answer 13

Inadequate dietary intake
Malabsorption
Blood loss

Question 14

Iron-deficiency anemia clinical manifestations

Answer 14

Pallor-most common

Glossitis & Chelilitis

Question 15

Iron-deficiency anemia lab findings

Answer 15

Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, reticulocytes, serum iron, TIBC, bilirubin, platelets, RBC, WBC

Stool occult blood test
Endoscopy/colonscopy
Albumin
Bone marrow biopsy

Question 16

Bone marrow biopsy preprocedure

Answer 16

prone or sidelying

local anesthetic

Question 17

Bone marrow biopsy postprocedure

Answer 17

apply pressure
maintain bed rest for 30-60 min
monitor for infection

Question 18

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Interprofessional and Nursing Management

Answer 18

treat underlying problem
Replace Iron (nutritionally therapy, iron supplements, transfusion of RBCs)

Question 19

Assessment of Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 19

Reassess Hgb & RBC count (4-6 weeks)
Need to take supplement for 2-3mo after Hgb returns to normal
monitor liver problems

Question 20

Complication of anemia

Answer 20

HF

due to increased demand on ♡ to provide oxygen

Question 21

Decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC

Answer 21

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 22

Increased MCV

Answer 22

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folic Acid dependency

Question 23

What deficiency in nutrients causes anemia?

Answer 23

Iron
Cobalamin
Folic Acid

Question 24

what is produced by kidney/liver for anemia?

Answer 24

Erythropoietin (production of RBCs)

Question 25

Hemolysis causes anemia what is in the category?

Answer 25

Sickle cell disease
RA
Lupis
B12; folic acid

Question 26

Peripheral blood smear

Answer 26

Normocidic: small
Microsidic: smaller, pale
Macrosidic: larger

Question 27

Severe anemic pts may have

Answer 27

roaring in their ears

Question 28

What is often used to determine severity of anemia?

Answer 28

Hgb

Question 29

Iron-deficiency malabsorption r/t

Answer 29

Gi surgery; since iron absorbs in the duodenum

Question 30

What is increased for labs?

Answer 30

TIBC

RBC binding to iron