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Ellie-NUR 130 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is hemoglobin

A

main component of rbcs
act as the vehicle in transportation of o2

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2
Q

what is hematocrit

A

measures mass of rbc
HCT is generally 3x HGB

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3
Q

what is mean corpuscular volume

A

measures size of rbc

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4
Q

what is microcytic anemia

A

small RBC (low MCV)

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5
Q

what is megoblastic anemia

A

large RBC (high MCV)

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6
Q

what are the hypoproliferative anemias

A

iron deficiency
vit b12 deficiency
folate deficiency

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7
Q

what are some characterisitcs of iron deficiency anemia

A

decrease in MVC, reticulocyte count, iron, and ferritin
increase in total iron binding capacity (TBIC)
smooth red tongue
brittle rigid nails
angular cheilosis
restless leg syndrome

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8
Q

what foods are high in iron

A

red meat
kidney beans
leafy greens
carrots
raisins
apricots
molasses
soybeans
oatmeal
eggs
shell fish
grain bread
chicken
turkey

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9
Q

what helps enhance iron absorption

A

vitamin c

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10
Q

how should oral iron supplements be taken

A

empty stomach at least an hour before a meal

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11
Q

what are some characteristics of vit b12 and folate deficiency

A

increased MCV levels
decreased vit b12
tachy
fatigue and weakness
pallor of skin and oral mucosa
mild jaundice
birttle, rigid, concave nails
parasthesia, mild confusion, balance disturbances

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12
Q

how to treat vit b12 deficiency

A

vit b12 replacement
use of assistive devices to promote gait stability
consumption of animal products

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13
Q

how to treat folate deficiency anemia

A

increase consumption of leafy greens, citrus, and beans
decrease alc
take folic acid supplementation

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14
Q

what can blood loss anemia be from

A

gi tract
gu tract
trauma or osebleed

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15
Q

what are some symptoms of blood loss anemia

A

tachy
fatigue
weakness

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16
Q

what do the lab values look like for blood loss anemia

A

decreased HGB, HCT, MCV
increased reticulocyte

17
Q

what does progression of bleeding lead to

A

decreased iron and ferritin levels

18
Q

what is the treatment for blood loss anemia

A

identify source of blood loss
reverse blood loss
administer PRBCs if bleeding and or symptoms are severe

19
Q

what are hemolytic anemias

A

destruciton of RBCs
sickle cell most common

20
Q

what are some complications of anemia

A

low blood volume
increased hr
increased cardiac output
heart failure

21
Q

what are symptoms of heart failure

A

sob
fatigue and weakness
edema of lower extremities
rapid/irregular heart rhythm
rapid wt gain

22
Q

what are the neurologic complications of vit b12 deficiency

A

lower extremity parasthesia
gait disturbances
confusion
falls
skin breakdown

Ellie-NUR 130 (7 decks)

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