Anemia

Question 1

Average size of Red Blood Cells

Answer 1

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
80 - 100

Question 2

Blood test that measures the number of immature red blood cells.

Answer 2

Reticulocyte Count
Normal = 2%

Question 3

Protein found in the blood that stores Iron.

Answer 3

Serum Ferritin

Question 4

Iron transporter protein.

Answer 4

Serum Transferrin

Question 5

What does increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) indicate?

Answer 5

Low Iron

Question 6

Premature destruction of red blood cells.

Answer 6

Hemolytic Anemia

Question 7

What are some signs of Hemolytic Anemia?

Answer 7

Jaundice
Dark Urine
Increased Lactase dehydrogenase

Question 8

Most Hemolytic Anemias are what?

Answer 8

Normocytic
Normochromic

Question 9

Destruction of red blood cells via antibodies that target blood antigens.

Answer 9

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Question 10

How is Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia diagnosed?

Answer 10

Coombs Test

Question 11

Congenital disease that causes red blood cells to be shaped like sphere and become fragile.

Answer 11

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Question 12

What are two things besides the shape of the red blood cells could indicate Hereditary Spherocytosis?

Answer 12

Splenomegaly
Family History

Question 13

X-linked deficiency of the enzyme needed to maintain red blood cells.

Answer 13

G6PD Deficiency

Question 14

What might trigger a G6PD deficiency?

Answer 14

Fava Beans
Medications
Infections

Question 15

What types of cells are seen with a G6PD deficiency?

Answer 15

Bite Cells

Question 16

How is a G6PD deficiency diagnosed?

Answer 16

Genetic Testing

Question 17

Name 3 Microcytic Anemias.

Answer 17

Iron Deficiency
Lead Poisoning
Sideroblastic Anemia

Question 18

Iron is necessary for the synthesis of what?

Answer 18

Heme

Question 19

What are two signs of Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 19

Pica
Angular Cheilosis

Question 20

What type of red blood cells will increase in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 20

Hypochromic Red Blood Cells

Question 21

What must you rule out in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 21

Possible Bleeding

Question 22

Treatments for Iron Deficiency Anemia include?

Answer 22

Dietary Changes
Oral Supplements
IV Iron

Question 23

What is the preferred oral Iron supplement?

Answer 23

Ferrous Sulfate

Question 24

How long must you give Ferrous sulfate after the Hemoglobin has returned to normal to replenish Iron stores?

Answer 24

3 - 6 months

Question 25

If a patient can't tolerate or absorb oral Iron, or they are losing it too rapidly, what medications can you give Intravenously?

Answer 25

Iron Dextran Iron Sucrose

Question 26

What inhibits enzymes associated with heme synthesis and is seen more commonly in children and due to occupational hazards?

Answer 26

Lead Poisoning

Question 27

What will a peripheral smear show in a patient with Lead Poisoning?

Answer 27

Basophilic stippling of Red Blood Cells

Question 28

Bone marrow forms ringed sideroblasts instead of healthy erythrocytes.

Answer 28

Sideroblastic Anemia

Question 29

Sideroblastic anemia is usually Microcytic, Normocytic, or Macrocytic?

Answer 29

Microcytic

Question 30

How is Sideroblastic Anemia diagnosed?

Answer 30

Prussian Blue Stain (ringed sideroblasts from bone marrow)

Question 31

Name 4 examples of Normocytic Anemias.

Answer 31

Anemia of Chronic Disease Renal Failure Mixed Microcytic and Macrocytic Malignancy or Pre-Malignancy

Question 32

Chronic inflammation causes iron sequestration and failure of heme synthesis. Often Normocytic early on and then may become Microcytic as it progresses.

Answer 32

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Question 33

Name the 4 most common Macrocytic Anemias.

Answer 33

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Folate Deficiency EtOH Use Liver Disease

Question 34

What disease can cause bleeding disorders due to the impairment of multiple clotting factors?

Answer 34

Liver Disease

Question 35

Anemia due to the abnormal synthesis of DNA. Results due to an inadequate dietary intake of fortified foods but may also be caused by alcohol use.

Answer 35

Folate Deficiency (Vitamin B9)

Question 36

Anemia due to the lack of absorption or lack of consumption of natural sources that are typically found in animal sources.

Answer 36

Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Cobalamin)

Question 37

What two things are seen in a Vitamin B12 Deficiency that are not seen in a Folate Deficiency?

Answer 37

Neurologic Symptoms Increased Methylmalonic Acid