Anemia

Question 1

Anemia cause decrease in

Answer 1

• hemoglobin
• hematocrit
• RBC count

Question 2

Causes of high value of hemoglobin/ RBC

Answer 2

-smoking
-meds (androgens, SGLT2 inhibitors)
- dehydration or hypovolemia
- high altitude

Question 3

MCV

Answer 3

Average volume of RBC

Question 4

MCH

Answer 4

average hemoglobin content in a RBC

Question 5

MCHC

Answer 5

average hemoglobin concentration per RBC

Question 6

RDW

Answer 6

Measure of variation in RBC size

Question 7

Reticulocyte

Answer 7

Percentage of total RBC or an absolute count

Question 8

Microcytic Anemia causes with normal or low reticulocyte

Answer 8

• IDA
• Anemia of chronic disease

Question 9

Microcytic anemia with high reticulocyte

Answer 9

Thalassemia
Hemolysis

Question 10

Normocytic anemia causes with low or normal reticulocyte

Answer 10

Bleeding( acute)
IDA(early)
Anemia of chronic disease
Bone marrow suppression (CA, aplastic anemia, infection)
Hypothyroidism
Hypopituatarism
Copper or zinc poisoning

Question 11

Normocytic anemia with increased reticulocyte

Answer 11

Bleeding
Hemolysis
Bone marrow recovery

Question 12

Macrocyctic anemia low or normal reticulocyte

Answer 12

Vitamin b12 or b9 deficiency
MDS
Liver disease
Meds (methotrexate, hydroxyurea)

Question 13

Macrocytic anemia with increased reticulocyte

Answer 13

Hemolysis
Bone marrow recovery

Question 14

Microcytic MCV will be

Answer 14

Less than 80

Question 15

Normocytic MCV

Answer 15

80-100

Question 16

Macrocytic MCV will be

Answer 16

> 100

Question 17

Causes of IDA

Answer 17

Increased loss or reduced gain

Question 18

Lab results in IDA

Answer 18

Low Hb
Low serum ferritin
Low serum iron
High transferrin/ total iron binding capacity

Question 19

Causes of IDA

Answer 19

• cows milk in infants instead of formula or breastfeeding
• menstruation/ pregnancy/ lactation
• history of GI blood loss, Melena, hematemesis, hematuria
• celiac disease, h. pylori
• history of blood donations
• use of NSAID or anticoagulants
• colon CA

Question 20

Causes of B12 deficiency

Answer 20

Pernicious anemia
Gastrectomy or bariatric surgery
Gastritis
Small bowel disease
Pancreatitis
Diet
Drugs blocking absorption ( PPI,metformin , h2 antagonist )

Question 21

Causes of folate deficiency

Answer 21

• nutitional deficiency due to alcohol, substance abuse, reduced intake
• malabsorption
• drugs (metho, ethanol, phenytoin)
• pregnancy, lactation
• chronic hemolysis

Question 22

Anemia of chronic disease causes

Answer 22

• infectious
• inflammatory
• CA
• obesity
• DM
• CHF
• critical illness
• severe trauma

Question 23

Patho genesis of anemia of chronic disease

Answer 23

• reduced iron availability
• immune mediated dysregulation of iron Hemostasis due to cytokines
• immune mediated effects