Anemia

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

insufficient supply of good red blood cells, blood loss, or low quality of red blood cells
can be symptom of underlying disorder

Question 2

anemia etiology

Answer 2

problems with RBC production
increased RBC destruction like hemolytic anemia
RBC malfunction- like abnormal shapes like sickle cell
blood loss (acute hemorrhage or chronic slow blood loss
dietary deficienyc, renal deficiency, medications, blood loss

Question 3

what can giving the wrong type of blood cause

Answer 3

lysis of RBCs

Question 4

anemia with decreased RBC production

Answer 4

deficient nutrients- Iron, CObalamin, folic acid
Decreased erythropoietin
decreased iron availability

Question 5

anemia from blood loss

Answer 5

chronic hemorrhage- bleeding duodenal ulcer, colorectal cancer, liver disease
acute truams, ruptured aortic aneurysm, GI bleeding

Question 6

anemia from increased RBC destruction

Answer 6

hemolysis: sickle cell disease, Medication, incompatible blood, tauma

Question 7

RBC production physiology

Answer 7

produced in bone marrow of long bones, sternum, hips from reticulocytes
requires Iton, vitamin B12, folic acid, protein, pyridoxie, copper
Normal RBCs live 120 days then become bilirubin-bile

Question 8

end result of anemia

Answer 8

decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood leads to hypoxia

Question 9

how are anemias classififes

Answer 9

by loss/ lysis prior to quantity, quality, RBC size, and Hgb Concentration

Question 10

microcytic

Answer 10

smal RBC size

Question 11

macrocytic

Answer 11

large RBC size

Question 12

normocytic

Answer 12

normal RBC size

Question 13

hypochromic

Answer 13

not enough Hgb- pale

Question 14

hyperchromic

Answer 14

too much HGb very concentrated

Question 15

normochromic

Answer 15

normal amount of Hgb

Question 16

normal amount of hemoglobin

Answer 16

12-17

Question 17

normal amt of hematocrit

Answer 17

34-45

Question 18

clinical manifestation Hgb 10-12

Answer 18

no symptoms, some fatigue

Question 19

clinical manifestation Hgb 6-10

Answer 19

fatigue, SOB, heart palpitation, sweating, dizziness

Question 20

clinical manifestation Hgb less than 6

Answer 20

multi body, shest pain very SOB

Question 21

what increases risk of Anemia

Answer 21

chronic illness, age over 65

Question 22

clinical manifestations of anemia

Answer 22

tachycardia, heart murmur, tachypnea, pale skin, loss of red tones, cool temp, glossitis of tongue, paresthesias, numbness, jaundice, petechiae, ecchymosis, heme positive stools, joint pain, spooned nails

Question 23

eyes in anemia

Answer 23

yellowing

Question 24

skin in anemia

Answer 24

paleness, coldness, yellowing (jaundice)

Question 25

respiratory

Answer 25

shortness of breath

Question 26

muscular in anemia

Answer 26

weakness

Question 27

intestinal in anemia

Answer 27

changed stool color, positive heme

Question 28

central symptoms of anemia

Answer 28

fatigue, dizziness, fainting

Question 29

blood vessels symptoms of anemia

Answer 29

low blood pressure

Question 30

heart symptoms of anemia

Answer 30

palpitations, rapid heart rate, chest pain, angina, heart attack

Question 31

spleen with anemia

Answer 31

enlargement enlarged bc that's where RBCs are stored

Question 32

why are cardiac pts at more risk for anemia

Answer 32

angina or blockages can cause blood to be not oxygenated well leading to higher risk for heart attack and angina

Question 33

Hgb level for blood transfusion

Answer 33

7, with cardiac history 8

Question 34

illness that may lead to anemia

Answer 34

bleeding disorders, GI tract problems, liver disease, exposure to toxinsme

Question 35

medications that can cause anemia

Answer 35

glyburide, methyldopa, some antibiotics, sulfonamides, anticoagulants, ASA NSAIDS immunosuppressive drugs, herbals OTCs can effect coagulation

Question 36

Diagnostic tests

Answer 36

RBCs-erythrocytes, Hbg, Hct- proportionate volume of RBCs RBC indices- MCV (size), MCH (color concentration), MCHC (Avg conc, of Hemoglobin)

Question 37

blood makeup

Answer 37

55% plasma, 30% RBC solids

Question 38

diagnostic test

Answer 38

peripheral blood smear morphology to loo at actual shape reticulocyte count (if elevated, body trying to compensate for deficiency- anemic) Totral iron binding capacity- how much space on hemoglobin is available for iron to bind to ferritin- amount of iron liver is storing serum iron- amount of iron in blood bone marrow biopsy- for aplastic anemia, cancer, thrombocytopenia folic acid levels schillings test for B12/ pernicious