Anemia Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
normal WBC
A
4-12
2
Q
normal WBC
A
4-12
3
Q
normal Hbg
A
13.5-17
4
Q
normal HCT
A
39-51
5
Q
normal MCV
A
82-97
6
Q
normal platelet
A
150-450
7
Q
normal neutrophil %
A
45-70
8
Q
normal lymphocyte %
A
20-40
9
Q
normal monocyte %
A
2-9
10
Q
normal eosinophil %
A
11
Q
ANC
A
predisposes to rapidly fatal bacterial or fungal infection
12
Q
anemia presents with
A
low RBC, low Hbg, low HCT
13
Q
> 20% myeloblasts of uniform morphology indicates
A
leukemia
14
Q
epo made in response to
A
low tissue oxygenation levels
15
Q
epo is appropriately increased in cases of
A
anemia hypoxia CO poisoning Hgb variants methemoglobinemia high altitude
16
Q
G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)
A
for mobilization of stem cells
used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation
17
Q
G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)
A
for mobilization of stem cells
used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation
18
Q
normal Hbg
A
13.5-17
19
Q
normal HCT
A
39-51
20
Q
normal MCV
A
82-97
21
Q
normal platelet
A
150-450
22
Q
normal neutrophil %
A
45-70
23
Q
normal lymphocyte %
A
20-40
24
Q
normal monocyte %
A
2-9
25
normal eosinophil %
26
ANC
predisposes to rapidly fatal bacterial or fungal infection
27
anemia presents with
low RBC, low Hbg, low HCT
28
>20% myeloblasts of uniform morphology indicates
leukemia
29
too little hepcidin causes
iron overload
30
epo is appropriately increased in cases of
```
anemia
hypoxia
CO poisoning
Hgb variants
methemoglobinemia
high altitude
```
31
epo is pathologically increased in
VHL syndrome
| tumors of kidney, liver, cerebellum
32
G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)
for mobilization of stem cells
| used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation
33
microcytic anemia causes
iron deficiency
thalassemia
anemia of chronic disease
sideroblastic anemia
34
normocytic anemia causes
```
anemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency
toxins, drug
malignancies
kidney disease
```
35
macrocytic anemia causes
```
bone marrow failure
myelodysplasia
vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
elevated reticulocytes
liver disease, thyroid disease, alcoholism
```
36
in extravascular hemolysis, what levels are elevated
LDH and retics
37
urine is dark in ___ hemolysis
intravascular
38
extravascular hemolysis can be amenable to
splenectomy
39
where is iron mostly absorbed
in the duodenum
40
where is iron balanced
in the liver
41
what does iron promote
free radical formation and bacterial growth
42
hepcidin is produced by
liver
43
function of hepcidin
controls iron absorption from the gut
44
too much hepcidin causes
anemia of chronic disease
45
too little hepcidin causes
iron overload
46
symptoms of anemia
```
fatigue
pallor
tachycardia
increased plasma volume
increased myocardial demand
```
47
iron deficiency in a man...
do a GI workup for blood loss and malabsorption
48
iron absorption is increased by
gastric acid, vitamin C
49
major limitation on life expectancy in thalassemia
iron overload
50
genetics of hemachromatosis
biallelic mutation of HFE gene
51
bronze diabetes
think hemachromatosis. Check iron livers (especially in patients with liver disease)
52
treatment of iron overload
phlebotomy if normal erythropoeisis
53
side effects of iron chelation
color vision, hearing abnormalities, effects on renal function
54
what is elevated in B12 deficiency
homocysteine (pro-thrombotic) and methylmalonic acid levels (neuro-toxicity)
55
folate deficiency may be responsible for
neural tube defects/spina bifida
56
where is B12 absorbed
terminal ileum
57
gastric symptoms of pernicious anemia
impaired mucosal proliferation
weight loss, diarrhea, malabsorption
gastric cancer
58
what to suspect in folate deficiency
alcoholism
59
pure red cell aplasia
autoimmune disease
| just can't make RBC's
60
infectious cause of pure red cell aplasia
parvovirus B19
61
agranulocytosis often caused by
drugs- anti epileptics, phenylbutazone
62
inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
Fanconi's anemia
| Dyskeratosis congenita
63
Acquired bone marrow failure syndrome
aplastic anemia
PNH
MDS
HIV
64
treatment of aplastic anemia
quine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)
65
ATG immunosuppression enhanced by
cyclosporine
66
treatment of PNH
eculizumab: monoclonal antibody inactivating C5 complement protein
67
free Hb binds to
haptoglobin or hemopexin
68
how is unbound Hb excreted
in the urine
69
polychromatophilia
blue-gray staining due to RNA and Hb in young RBC's
70
stomatocytosis
mouth-shaped central pallor
71
PNH caused by
loss of HPI proteins CD55 and 59- leads to increased sensitivity to lysis by complement
72
G6PD mutation
key enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt
73
mutation in PK
necessary for energy production- rare
74
HbA
alpha2beta2 (>95%)
75
Fetal Hb
alpha2gamma2 (trace)
76
HbA2
alpha2delta2 (1-2%)
77
excess chains
damage to RBC membrane
78
how are damaged RBC's removed
extramedullary hemolysis
79
Fe accumulation leads to
death of RBC's in marrow (intramedullary hemolysis)
80
target cells
thalassemia
81
worst symptoms of beta thalassemia major
severe anemia
congestive heart failure
bone marrow expansion
iron overload
82
treatment of beta thalassemia
```
hypertransfusion
Fe chelation
splenectomy
increased HbF production
gene therapy
bone marrow transplantation
```
83
hemoglobin H disease
absence of 3 functional alpha genes
84
cause of sickle cell anemia
single base pair mutation (glu->val)
| altered solubility of desoxy HbS causes aggregation of molecules, decrease deformability
85
bite cells
G6PD deficiency
86
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by
exposure to blood with minor blood group incompatibility
