Anemia - Coagulation disorders

Question 0

Laboratory picture of iron deficiency:

Answer 0

Decrease iron, decrease ferritin and increase total iron-binding capacity

Question 1

Most common type of anemia

Answer 1

Microcytic hyphochromic anemia,by iron deficiency

Question 2

Megaloblastic anemias are caused by what?

Answer 2

Deficiency of vitamin B12 and Folic acid - pernicious anemia is the most common type

Question 3

Anemia that usually results from a defect in the synthesis of intrinsic factor or by surgical removal of that part of the stomach that secretes intrinsic factor

Answer 3

Pernicious anemia

Question 4

Transport protein for iron

Answer 4

Transferrin

Question 5

A storage protein for iron

Answer 5

Ferritin

Question 6

Chronic iron overload results to?

Answer 6

Hemochromatosis, organ failure and death

Question 7

Oral form of iron with higher iron content

Answer 7

Ferrous fumarate

Question 8

Acute iron intoxication is common among _____due to accidental ingestion of iron supplementation tablets

Answer 8

Children - necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock, metabolic acidosis, coma and death

Question 9

Antidote for Iron toxicity

Answer 9

Parenteral administration of DEFEROXAMINE, which chelates circulating iron

Question 10

Triad of Hemochromatosis

Answer 10

Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus and skin pigmentation

Question 11

With the presence of intrinsic factor, Vitamin B12 is absorbed where?

Answer 11

Distal ileum

Question 12

Two available forms of Vitamin B12

Answer 12

Cyanocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin

Question 13

Folic acid is readily absorbed where?

Answer 13

Proximal jejunum

Question 14

Deficiency during pregnancy results to neural tube defects in the the fetus

Answer 14

Folic acid

Question 15

More stable form than the folate

Answer 15

Folic acid

Question 16

Hematopoietic growth factor for anemia associated with chronic renal failure, HIV infection, cancer and prematurity. Performance-enchancing drugs in athletes (prohibited use)

Answer 16

Epoetin alfa - agonist if erythropoietin receptors expressed by red cell progenitor

Question 17

Myeloid growth factor - for neutropenia associated with chemotherapy, myelodysplasia and aplastic anemia. SE: bone pain, fever, edema

Answer 17

Filgrastim (G-CSF)

Question 18

Megakaryocyte growth factor for secondary prevention of thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for nonmyeloid cancers

Answer 18

Oprelvekin (IL-11)

Question 19

Mechanism for hemostasis

Answer 19

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Formation of clot via blood coagulation
4. Fibrous organization

Question 20

During 1st step of hemostasis, two important autocoids that play important roles for vasoconstriction

Answer 20

Thromboxane - platelet activator/powerful vasoconstrictor

Endothelin - potent endothelium derived vasoconstrictor

Question 21

Platelet adhesion is mediated by____ by GpIb receptor in the platelet surface

Answer 21

vWF - essential for binding subendothelial collagen to platelets

Question 22

____is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and limb gangrene

Answer 22

Arterial thrombosis

Question 23

Antiplatelet drug, for prevention of arterial thrombosis also for inflammatory disorders. Associated with REYE Syndrome

Answer 23

Aspirin - acetylsalicylic acid

Question 24

Toxic dose and lethal dose of Aspirin?

Answer 24

Toxic dose: 150mg/kg | Lethal dose: 500mg/kg

Question 25

Triad of aspirin hypersensitivity

Answer 25

SAMTER triad | asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and nasal polyps

Question 26

Acid base abnormality in salicylate poisoning?

Answer 26

Respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA

Question 27

An anti-platelet drug used during PCI to prevent thrombosis

Answer 27

Arciximab - prevents vessel restenosis, reinfarction and death

Question 28

An antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits binding of ADP to platelet receptors, reducing platelet aggregation

Answer 28

Clopidogrel - Ticlopidine

Question 29

What are the two major types of anticoagulants?

Answer 29

Indirect thrombin inhibitors | Direct thrombin inhibitors

Question 30

Heparin, enoxaparin and lepirudin are example of what type of anticoagulant?

Answer 30

Indirect thrombin inhibitors

Question 31

Coumarin derivatives like warfarin are examples of what type of anticoagulant?

Answer 31

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Question 32

Anticoagulant drug, contraindicated for pregnancy?

Answer 32

Warfarin - heparin can be used in pregnancy

Question 33

Antidote for heparin toxicity?

Answer 33

Protamine - while vitamin K and FFP is the antidote for warfarin toxicity

Question 34

Anticoagulant given parenteral, with rapid onset and site of action in the blood?

Answer 34

Heparin

Question 35

Anticoagulant that impairs post-translational modification of factors II, VII, IX and X

Answer 35

Warfarin - impairs the vitamin K dependent factors 1972

Question 36

Site of action for warfarin

Answer 36

Liver

Question 37

Laboratory test to assess extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways

Answer 37

PTT for intrinsic pathway - heparin | PT for extrinsic pathway - warfarin

Question 38

Anticoagulant for DVT, PE, MI. DOC for anticoagulation during pregnancy.

Answer 38

Heparin

Question 39

Anticoagulant, for DVT, PE and MI with less risk of thrombocytopenia. Does not require aPTT monitoring

Answer 39

Enoxaparin

Question 40

A direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation in patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency

Answer 40

Lepirudin

Question 41

Anticoagulant with narrow therapeutic window. And an active ingredient in most rat poisons

Answer 41

Warfarin

Question 42

Thrombolytic drug for acute MI, ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. With loss of effectiveness on 2nd use, and allergic reaction may be observed

Answer 42

Alteplase - SIMd: Streptokinase, Urokinase | Tissue plasminogen activator analog.

Question 43

Antidote for Alteplase

Answer 43

Aminocaproic acid

Question 44

Antiplasmin drug, for prevention and treatment of acute bleeding episodes in patients with high risk of bleeding. Contraindicated in DIC and genitourinary bleeding

Answer 44

Aminocaproic acid - SIMD: Tranexamic acid

Question 45

A vasopressin V2 receptor agonist for hemophilia A, von Willebrand's disease and central diabetic insipidus

Answer 45

Desmopressin - ADH agonist