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med sure 2 > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Why do kidney failure patients get anemia

A

due to the loss of the hormone erythropoietin

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2
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Signals bone marrow to produce RBC and carries iron

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3
Q

Med given to kidney failure patients with anemia

A

epoetin alpha

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4
Q

How does iron get administered

A

May be given IM (z track)

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5
Q

What must be monitored to administer iron

A

nausea/abdominal discomfort/constipation/and or diarrhea

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6
Q

Severe anemia signs and symptoms

A

Koilonchias (soft spoon shaped fingernails), Glossitis (beefy red tongue)

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7
Q

Complications of severe anemia

A

No oxygen to the heart and no thermoregulation

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8
Q

Anemia diet

A

High in red meat, green leafy vegtables (spinich, beets, beans and cereals, and citrus to help retain the iron (especially iron deficiency- grapefruit, orange juice)

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9
Q

What is intrinsic factor

A

controls the function of CNS- you will not make new DNA or RBCs)

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia

A

Vitiligo, premature graying of the hair, and glossitis

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11
Q

Risk factors for pernicious anemia

A

chronic alcohol use, liver issues, chrons disease, or gastrecomies, any medications that decrease gastric acid (long term use of PPI and H2 blockers)

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12
Q

s/s of B12 deficiency

A

Peripheral neuropathy, altered mental status, depression, visual disturbances, atrophy in the eyes, orthostatic hypotension

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of Folic acid deficiency

A

tachypnea (decreased O2 sat) and confusion

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14
Q

What is decreased in folic acid deficiency

A

of platelets which increases the risk of bleeding

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15
Q

symptoms of folic acid deficiency will continue unless you replace

A

B12

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16
Q

Patients with folic acid deficiencies may experience

A

mood changes, memory difficulties, and weakness

17
Q

s/s of sicke cell crisis

A

Fatigue, pallor, SOB, vasoocclusion of blood vessels resulting in pain or swelling

18
Q

where will patients feel pain with sickle cell crisis

A

Pain will occur in- joints, bones, chest, abdomen

19
Q

What may be present with sickle cell crisis

A

Fever

20
Q

Risk factors for Sickle cell crisis

A

severe cold tempuratures, high altitude, fever, dehydration

21
Q

Treatment for sickle cell crisis

A

O2 via NC 2-3L fluid resuscitation, give morphine

22
Q

What can occur in sickle cell anemia that may cause puberty to be delayed

A

ischemia of organs

23
Q

Prevention for sickle cell crisis

A

Get immunizations (vaccines) like the flu, Good dental hygiene, Get enough oxygen, drink fluids, avoid getting over-heated or getting very cold, avoid getting infections

24
Q

aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow depression

25
Q

What does aplastic anemia result in

A

decreased production of RBC/WBC/platelets

26
Q

Why might aplstic anemia occur

A

Can occur due to hepatitis and HPV or other infectious agents or chemicals

27
Q

Treat aplastic anemia with

A

chemo and radiation

28
Q

Meds for aplastic anemia

A

epogen which induces bone marrow production

29
Q

Why does AML occur

A

Linked to exposure to radiation or benzene and causes possible alterations in bone marrow function

30
Q

What is AML more prevalent in

A

white males over the age of 60 and history of smoking

31
Q

S/S of lymphoma

A

Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, and groin; low grade fevers for no apparent reason; drenching night sweats; unexplained weight loss of more than 10% in less than 6 months; and fatigue

32
Q

S/S of lymphoma with alc

A

alcohol induced pain at site of lymph nodes

33
Q

What may be on the skin due to scratching from lymphoma

A

excoriations

34
Q

If feeling SOB or fullness with lymphoma

A

this may mean enlarging lymph nodes spread to the spleen or liver or compress the vena cava or spine

35
Q

Multiple myeloma and risk factors

A

Incurable B cell malignancy-men, age 62 and over

36
Q

Lab values for Multiple myeloma

A

Hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency (serum creatinine higher), anemia (hemoglobin low), osteopenia

med sure 2 (5 decks)

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