Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Heme/Onc > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What level of hemoglobin is anemia in men?

A

< 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What level of hemoglobin is anemia in women?

A

< 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do anemias result from?

A

Inadequate RBC production
Increased RBC destruction
Blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimulate RBC production?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is EPO produced?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is needed for DNA and RNA?

A

Folic acid

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is transferrin?

A

Transports iron into cell via transferrin receptor

Delivers to bone marrow or storage (liver, spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What element binds O2?

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is TIBC?

A

Blood capacity to bind iron with transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ferritin?

A

Storage form of iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the s/sx of chronic development?

A 
Fatigue
HA
Malaise
Exertional dyspnea
Pale
Angina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the s/sx of acute development?

A 
Palpitations
Angina
SOB
Lightheaded
Tachycardic
Hypotensive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Microcytic anemias?

A

< 80
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
Sickle cell
Thalassemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are macrocytic anemias?

A 
> 100
B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
Folic acid deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are normocytic anemias?

A 
80-100
Blood loss
Bone marrow failure
Chronic inflammation (malignancy)
Hemolysis (DI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the roles of iron in microcytic anemias?

A

Binds O2

Cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the recommended intake of iron?

A

8-18 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does heme iron come from?

A

Beef
Fish
Poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does non-heme iron come from?

A 
Vegetables
Fruits
Beans
Nuts
Grains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes microcytic anemias?

A

Inadequate intake
Inadequate absorption
Increased demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes increased demands for iron?

A

Pregnancy, rapid growth in children
Blood loss
Menstruation, ulcers, trauma, blood donation, arteriovenous malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the s/sx of IDA?

A

Glossal pain
Pica
Pagophagia
Koilonychias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What extra labs are looked at for IDA?

A

Serum iron (decreased)
TIBC (Increased)
Transferrin (Decreased)
Ferritin (Decreased)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the treatment of IDA?
Oral supplementation | IV supplementation
26
What is the dose of oral iron?
150-200mg elemental iron in divided doses
27
How should iron be administered?
W/o food
28
What kind of environment should iron be administered?
Acidic | Absorbed in the duodenum
29
What are the AEs of iron?
GI | Black stools
30
What drugs decreased iron absorption?
``` Al Mg Ca Histamine antagonists PPIs Tetracyclines Cholestyramine ```
31
What drugs are affected by iron?
``` Levadopa Methyldopa Levothyroxine Penicillins FQs Tetracycline, doxycycline Mycophenolate ```
32
What is the % iron in the available oral products?
Ferrous sulfate 20% Ferrous gluconate 12% Ferrous Fumarate 33% Polysaccharide iron complex 100%
33
When is IV iron supplementation considered?
Oral intolerance Non-adherence Malabsorption Refusing transfusions
34
What is IV iron FDA approved for?
IDA in CKD | Iron dextran only one approved for non-CKD IDA
35
What is the test dose for iron dextran?
25 mg
36
Which IV forms of iron have a BBW for anaphylactic reaction?
Iron dextran | Iron sucrose
37
Which IV forms of iron have an increased risk of hypersensitivity?
Ferumoxytol Ferric carboxymaltose Sodium Ferric gluconate
38
How do we monitor oral iron therapy?
Reticulocyte increase w/in days Hgb rises in 2-3 weeks Hgb normal in 2 months or less Total duration often 6-12 months
39
How do we monitor IV iron therapy?
Monitored w/in 1 week: ferritin, transferrin, hgb, hct | Monitored monthly: iron, ferritin
40
From what foods does B12 come from?
``` Meat Fish Poultry Dairy Fortified cereals ```
41
From what foods does Folic Acid come from?
``` Enriched foods Green leafy Vegetables Citrus fruits Yeast Mushrooms Dairy products Animal organs ```
42
What two vitamins are reduced in macrocytic anemias?
B12 | Folic acid
43
What drugs reduce B12 absorption?
PPIs H2RAs Metformin
44
What drugs reduce folic acid?
``` AZA 6-MP 5-FU Hydroxyurea Zidovudine MTX Pentamidine Trimethoprim Triamterene Phenytoin Phenobarb Primidone ```
45
What are the initial s/sx of neurologic B12 deficiency?
Bilateral paraesthesia in extremities Loss of perception to surrounding objects Loss of vibratory sensation
46
What are the severe s/sx of neurologic B12 deficiency?
Lack of muscle control Dementia Psychosis Vision loss
47
What are the s/sx of folic acid deficiency?
No additional s/sx beyond general s/sx of anemia
48
What labs are observed for macrocytic anemias?
``` Folic acid B12 +/- Homocysteine +/- Methylmalonic acid (MMA) +/- Schillings test ```
49
How is B12 deficiency diagnosed?
Decreased retic's Increased MMA Increased Homocysteine + Schilling's
50
What is the treatment for B12 deficiency?
Oral preferred IV Nasal
51
When are higher doses of B12 considered?
Pernicious anemia or lack of ilium
52
When is IV B12 considered?
Non-compliant Unable to take oral Neurologic involvement
53
What drugs interact with B12?
PPIs H2RAs Metformin
54
What is the monitoring of B12 treatment?
``` Sx improvement w/in days Increased retic w/in 5 days Hgb rises increase 1 week Hgb normalizes w/in 2 months or less B12 1-2 months ```
55
What is the diagnosis of Folic acid deficiency?
Rule out B12 Increased MCV Decreased folate Increased homocysteine
56
What is monitoring used in folic acid therapy?
Reticulocytes increase w/in 5-7 days Hgb rises within 2 weeks Hgb normalizes w/in 2 months
57
What are the types of anemia of inflammation?
Anemia of chronic disease Anemia of critical illness Hemolysis Blood loss
58
What causes chronic disease in normocytic anemias?
``` Chronic infection Inflammatory disorders CHF ESRD HIV ```
59
What causes critical illness in normocytic anemias?
``` Frequent blood samples Sepsis Active bleeding Immune mediated iron deficiency Increased metabolic demands ```
60
What is the pathophysiology of normocytic anemias?
``` Pro-inflammatory cytokines released Blunted EPO response Impaired erythroid proliferation Disturbance of iron homeostasis Shorted RBC life span ```
61
What labs are taken in normocytic anemias?
``` LDH Coombs Haptoglobin Fractionated bilirubin Stool guiac Folic acid B12 Iron studies ```
62
How are normocytic anemias tested for?
Colonoscopy | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
63
What diseases must be ruled out?
Rule out blood loss Rule out iron deficiency Rule out B12 deficiency Rule out folic acid deficiency
64
How are labs altered in normocytic anemia?
``` Decreased hgb Decreased iron TIBC decreased Ferritin increased/normal Transferrin saturation decreased Transferrin decreased/normal ```
65
What is the main treatment of normocytic anemia?
Treat the underlying cause
66
What is an alternative treatment to normocytic anemia?
``` Blood transfusions Vitamins Iron B12 Folic acid ESA? ```
67
When do we give blood transfusions?
Hgb < 7
68
What is considered in elderly treatment as an alteration to therapy in anemias?
Lower dose iron d/t GI effects

Heme/Onc (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions