Anesthesia

Question 1

Define Sedation

Answer 1

Calm state usually accompanied by drowsiness

Question 2

Define Tranquilization

Answer 2

Calmness without drowsiness or loss of consciousness, no loss of pain

Question 3

Define Analgesia

Answer 3

Decreased sensitivity to pain without loss of consciousness

Question 4

Define Local anesthesia

Answer 4

Loss of sensation in peripheral nerves of a specific area without loss of consciousness

Question 5

Define general anesthesia

Answer 5

Temporary, controllable, reliable loss of sensation and consciousness

Question 6

What are the main risks of anesthesia?

Answer 6

Changes in BP, respiratory rate, HR, CNS function

Question 7

What are pre-anesthetic drugs?

Answer 7

drugs that are administered before general anesthetic

Question 8

What are the pre-anesthetic drug classes?

Answer 8

Tranquilizers, Analgesics, Anticholinergics

Question 9

What is an example of a tranquilizer?

Answer 9

Diazepam

Question 10

What is an example of an analgesic?

Answer 10

Buprenorphine

Question 11

What are Anticholinergics?

Answer 11

Prevent slow heart rate and hyper salivation.

Question 12

What are Induction drugs?

Answer 12

Create a rapid and smooth transition from conciousness to unconsciousness. Ex. Propofol.

Question 13

What are Maintenance drugs?

Answer 13

Produce general anesthesia including loss of conciousness and muscle relaxation. Ex. Isoflurane

Question 14

What is the goal of the Maintenance phase of anesthesia?

Answer 14

To keep unconscious enough while avoiding overdose.

Question 15

What is CRI?

Answer 15

Continuous Rate Infusion

Question 16

What happens during recover stage of anesthesia?

Answer 16

Put them on O2, leave tracheal tube in.
Then check swallow reflex
Monitor and observe

Question 17

What equipment is used to monitor HR and rhythm?

Answer 17

Stethoscope, ECG monitor, Doppler

Question 18

What is pulse deficit?

Answer 18

When hear rate and pulse are different.

Question 19

What is a Esophageal Stehescope?

Answer 19

Long thin tube placed down esophagus.

Question 20

What is used to monitor BP?

Answer 20

Doppler,

Oscillometric

Question 21

What is an apnea monitor?

Answer 21

Sounds alarm when no breaths are detected.

Question 22

What is a pulse oximeter?

Answer 22

Measures amount of O2 in blood.

Question 23

What is a Capnograph?

Answer 23

Measures amount of CO2 in blood.

Question 24

How can you measure blood loss?

Answer 24

Suction pump for large amount,

squares of gauze saturated

Question 25

What are some equipment used for thermoregulation?

Answer 25

Circulating hot water blanket. Bair hugger (air blowing) Hot water bottles Electric blanket

Question 26

What are the reflexes to check?

Answer 26

``` Palpebral (blink) Swallow Pedal (pinch webbing) Ear flick (touch ear hairs) Laryngeal Muscle tone Eye position and pupil size ```

Question 27

What are the parts to an anesthetic machine?

Answer 27

``` Gas cylinder Flowmeter Vaporizer Resevoir Unidirectional valves Breathing hoses O2 flush valve Pop-off valve C02 absorption canister Pressure manometer ```

Question 28

What is a Gas cylinder?

Answer 28

Contains O2, always green.

Question 29

What is a Flowmeter?

Answer 29

Controls flow of O2 in L/minute

Question 30

What is a vaporizer?

Answer 30

vaporizes anesthetic into a gas.

Question 31

What is the role of unidirectional valves?

Answer 31

Makes sure gas is only flowing in one direction

Question 32

What do the breathing hoses do?

Answer 32

Connects endotracheal tubes in lungs to machine

Question 33

What is the Oxygen flush valve?

Answer 33

Adds O2 to system without anesthetic

Question 34

What does the pop off valve do?

Answer 34

Prevents gas from leaving system.

Question 35

What does a pressure manometer measure?

Answer 35

How much pressure in system.

Question 36

What is a rebreathing system?

Answer 36

Closed circuit system that recycles CO2. | Only used in patients over 10 kg

Question 37

What is a non-rebreathing system?

Answer 37

Open circuit system, does not reuse CO2. Used on smaller patients. Uses more gas.

Question 38

What are Endotracheal tubes?

Answer 38

Brings O2 to patient.

Question 39

What are the common endotracheal tube sizes?

Answer 39

4.5 for cats, 8-14 for dogs. Don't use in rabbits

Question 40

What is a laryngoscope?

Answer 40

Gives clear view of trachea

Question 41

What is a stylet?

Answer 41

gives rigidity to smaller endotracheal tubes.

Question 42

What is Lidocaine spray for?

Answer 42

Local anesthetic to prevent vocal folds from closing

Question 43

What is lubricating gel for?

Answer 43

Prevents irritation to trachea

Question 44

What are some other anesthetic equipments?

Answer 44

Gauze, elastics, tubing, syringes, opthamic ointment, face masks.

Question 45

What are the 4 stages of Anesthetic Management?

Answer 45

Pre-anesthesia Induction Maintenance Recovery

Question 46

What is happening during Pre-anesthesia?

Answer 46

Everything leading up to anesthesia | Fasting, Physical exam, history

Question 47

What is happening during Induction phase?

Answer 47

Going from conscious to unconscious IV drugs Can be done via inhalation

Question 48

What phases are considered the 2 danger zones?

Answer 48

Induction and Recovery

Question 49

What is happening during maintenance phase of anesthesia?

Answer 49

Enough to keep unconscious but not overdose

Question 50

What is happening during Recovery phase of anesthesia?

Answer 50

Procedure is done Still getting O2 need to be monitored sometimes wake up in excitement phase