Anesthesia

Question 1

What is the definition of anesthesia

Answer 1

Loss of sensation and usually of consciousness without loss of vital functions artifically

Question 2

What are the types of anesthesia

Answer 2

General, regional, local

Question 3

What are the provisional routes of general anesthesia

Answer 3

general endotracheal, total IV

Question 4

What are the premedication medicines

Answer 4

anxiolysis i.e. benzos like midasolam, diazepam, lorazepam

Question 5

What are potential induction techniques

Answer 5

inhalation, Intravenous

Question 6

what medicines are administered in inhalational induction

Answer 6

nitrous oxide, sevoflurane

Question 7

what medicines are commonly used IV in adults

Answer 7

propofol, ketamine

Question 8

What are the adverse effects of nitrous oxide

Answer 8

post-op nausea and vomiting, cardio depression, absorption and expansion of air-filled spaces

Question 9

What are contraindications of nitrous oxide

Answer 9

comprimised cardiac function, shock, pneumothorax, bowel obstruction

Question 10

What is ketamine used for

Answer 10

sedation or induction of anesthesia

Question 11

what are contraindications of ketamine

Answer 11

Intracranial HTN, psychosis or personality disorder

Question 12

When is ketamine ideal

Answer 12

congenital heart disease, asthma, trauma, poor iv access

Question 13

How long will pancuronium last

Answer 13

1.5-2 hours

Question 14

when is pancuronium contraindicated

Answer 14

renal or hepatic failure

Question 15

when is succinylcholine indicated

Answer 15

rapid onset of skeletal muscle paralysis to facilitate tracheal intubation

Question 16

what are the side effects of succinylcholine

Answer 16

cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperkalemia, mayalgia, increased intraocular, intracranial and intragastric pressure

Question 17

What is defined as a hypercatabolic state

Answer 17

high body temp, acidosis, increased CO2 production, increased O2 consumption, rigid muscles, rhabdomyolysis

Question 18

What agents trigger malignant hyperthermia

Answer 18

inhaled general anesthesics, succinylcholine,

Question 19

How to maintain anesthesia

Answer 19

volatile agents, msucle relaxants, opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen

Question 20

Commonly used opoids

Answer 20

fentanyl, morphine, meperidine

Question 21

What are the routes of administration of Fentanyl

Answer 21

IV, tablet, lollipop, patch

Question 22

What are the side effects of fentanyl

Answer 22

high doses cause muscle rigidity, pruritus, respiratory depression, delayed gastric emptying and nausea vomiting

Question 23

what are the side effects of morphine

Answer 23

respiratory depression, depressed cough reflex, muscle rigidity, nausea, and vomiting, increased tone of spincter of Oddi, urine retention, histamine release

Question 24

what are the post anesthesia complications

Answer 24

pain, post op NV, delayed awakening, stridor, delirium

Question 25

What is the specific antagonist for benzos

Answer 25

Flumazenil

Question 26

What are the types of neuraxial anesthesia

Answer 26

epidural anesthesia (caudal block) and spinal anesthesia

Question 27

Contraindications of neuraxial anesthesia

Answer 27

infection, bleeding, degenerative CNS disease, allergy, refusal

Question 28

Types of regional anesthesia

Answer 28

local, peripheral nerve block, Bier block

Question 29

What are local anesthesias

Answer 29

lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine

Question 30

What do local anesthetics do

Answer 30

block function of peripheral nerves via sodium channel blockade and attenuation of neural action potential formation

Question 31

What are signs of anesthetic toxicity

Answer 31

tinnitus, HA, anxiety, HypoTN, ventricular arrhythmias, CV collapse, respiratory arrest

Question 32

What is a Bier block

Answer 32

a form of selective IV regional anesthesia of the distal arm or leg in which a tourniquet is applied and local anesthesia is injected through a cannula in the distal extremity