Anesthesia Drugs

Question 1

What is the induction dose of Propofol for anesthesia?

Answer 1

1.5-2.5 mg/kg IV.

Question 2

What is the maintenance infusion rate for Propofol during anesthesia?

Answer 2

5-100 mcg/kg/min IV.

Question 3

What is the typical dose for preoperative sedation with Midazolam?

Answer 3

1-2 mg IV, 30 minutes before surgery.

Question 4

What is the Ketamine IV dose for anesthesia induction?

Answer 4

1-2 mg/kg IV.

Question 5

What is the IV dosing of Morphine for acute pain management?

Answer 5

2.5-5 mg IV

Question 6

What is the initial IV dose of Fentanyl for use as an anesthesia adjunct?

Answer 6

50-100 mcg IV, titrated to effect.

Question 7

What is the IV dosing of Hydromorphone for moderate to severe pain?

Answer 7

Depending on what you read, 0.2-1 mg IV, or 1-2mg.

Question 8

What is the dose of Rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation?

Answer 8

0.6-1.2 mg/kg IV.

Question 9

What is the maintenance infusion rate for Rocuronium?

Answer 9

10-15 mcg/kg/min IV.

Question 10

What is the dose of Succinylcholine for rapid sequence intubation?

Answer 10

1-2 mg/kg IV.

Question 11

What is the intubation dose of Cisatracurium?

Answer 11

0.15-2.0 mg/kg IV.

Question 12

What is the maintenance infusion rate for Cisatracurium?

Answer 12

1-3 mcg/kg/min IV.

Question 13

What is the mechanism of action for Phenylephrine?

Answer 13

Acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction, increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure.

Question 14

What is the IV infusion rate for Phenylephrine?

Answer 14

0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg/min, titrated to maintain desired blood pressure.

Question 15

What is the primary use of Methylene Blue in clinical medicine?

Answer 15

Treats methemoglobinemia by reducing methemoglobin back to hemoglobin and inhibits guanylate cyclase in vasoplegic syndrome.

Question 16

What is the IV dosing for Methylene Blue in treating methemoglobinemia?

Answer 16

1-2 mg/kg body weight IV over 5-10 minutes; may repeat if methemoglobin levels remain high.

Question 17

What is the typical infusion rate for Dobutamine in heart failure?

Answer 17

2.5 to 20 mcg/kg/min, adjusted based on patient response.

Question 18

What are the dosage variations for Dopamine based on desired effect?

Answer 18

1-5 mcg/kg/min for renal blood flow, 5-10 mcg/kg/min for cardiac support, 10-20 mcg/kg/min for vasoconstrictive effects.

Question 19

What is the loading and maintenance dose for Milrinone in heart failure?

Answer 19

Loading dose: 50 mcg/kg over 10 minutes. Maintenance infusion: 0.375 to 0.75 mcg/kg/min.

Question 20

What is the starting dose of Norepinephrine in septic shock?

Answer 20

0.01 to 0.3 mcg/kg/min IV, titrate to maintain adequate blood pressure.

Question 21

What is the standard dosing for Vasopressin in vasodilatory shock?

Answer 21

0.01 to 0.04 units/min IV infusion.

Question 22

Mechanism of action for Phenylephrine?

Answer 22

Acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction, increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure.

Question 23

Mechanism of action for Methylene Blue?

Answer 23

Reduces methemoglobin to hemoglobin and inhibits guanylate cyclase, impacting the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway.

Question 24

Mechanism of action for Dobutamine?

Answer 24

Stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, enhancing cardiac contractility with minimal effect on heart rate.

Question 25

Mechanism of action for Dopamine?

Answer 25

At low doses, acts on dopaminergic receptors for renal vasodilation; moderate doses stimulate beta-1 for cardiac support; high doses act on alpha-1 receptors for vasoconstriction.

Question 26

Mechanism of action for Milrinone?

Answer 26

Inhibits phosphodiesterase-3 in cardiac and vascular tissues to increase cAMP, enhancing cardiac contractility and causing vasodilation.

Question 27

Mechanism of action for Norepinephrine?

Answer 27

Stimulates alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, increasing blood pressure and cardiac output.

Question 28

Mechanism of action for Epinephrine?

Answer 28

Stimulates alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, and bronchodilation.

Question 29

Mechanism of action for Vasopressin?

Answer 29

Binds to vasopressin V1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction and to V2 receptors in renal collecting ducts to promote water reabsorption.

Question 30

Mechanism of action for Propofol?

Answer 30

Enhances the activity of GABA_A receptors, causing inhibition of neuronal activity which leads to sedation and hypnosis.

Question 31

Mechanism of action for Midazolam?

Answer 31

Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA_A receptor, leading to sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, and hypnotic effects.

Question 32

Mechanism of action for Ketamine?

Answer 32

Acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist to interrupt sensory perception pathways, providing sedation, analgesia, and amnesia.

Question 33

Mechanism of action for Morphine?

Answer 33

Binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors, inhibiting neurotransmitter release and modulating pain.

Question 34

Mechanism of action for Fentanyl?

Answer 34

Binds to mu-opioid receptors in the CNS, leading to profound analgesia.

Question 35

Mechanism of action for Hydromorphone?

Answer 35

Activates mu-opioid receptors to exert its analgesic effect.

Question 36

Mechanism of action for Rocuronium?

Answer 36

Competes with acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction.

Question 37

Mechanism of action for Succinylcholine?

Answer 37

Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle contraction followed by paralysis due to prolonged depolarization.

Question 38

Mechanism of action for Cisatracurium?

Answer 38

Blocks acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction.