Anesthesia for Cardiothoracic Procedures Flashcards
3 types of Cardiothoracic surgery
- open heart surgery (sternotomy/ thoracotomy)
- Da Vinci (laparoscopic)
- endovascular (valve repair/ aortic repair)
What does “invasive” cardiac surgery refer to?
sternotomy
-best exposure but most possible complications
3 cardiac surgeries considered minimally invasive
- Da Vinci
- Thoracotomy
- Endovascular
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is aka?
MICS
What kind of endotracheal tube may be used in a MICS?
Double lumen
-one of the lungs may need to be deflated
Can MICS be performed “off pump”?
Bypass can be instituted with cannulation through which vessels?
Yes;
femoral vessels
Which is more common for Aorta surgery?
- Invasive open repair with cross clamps
- minimally invasive endovascular repair
- minimally invasive endovascular repair
How is a MICS CABG performed?
- what incision?
- commonly performed on or off pump?
- thoracotomy incision
- reserved for 1 or 2 vessel disease due to limited exposure of anterior vessels - off pump
- bypass via femoral vessels can be an option
in a DaVinci CABG procedure, what is the main purpose of the robot?
to harvest the LIMA
in a DaVinci CABG procedure, after the LIMA is harvested, how is the graft sewn on?
Through a small thoracotomy incision
an operation in which the anterior vessels are bypassed with a MICS/thoracotomy approach (by a cardiac surgeon) and the more difficult to expose vessels are stented (by an interventional cardiologist)
Hybrid coronary revascularization
What is the benefit of Hybrid coronary revascularization?
allows multiple CAD to be performed without sternotomy while still allowing a LIMA to LAD graft
-superior to intravascular stent placement
Hybrid rooms are utilized for which 2 procedures?
- hybrid coronary revascularization
2. transcatheter aortic valve replacement/ transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Hybrid rooms are utilized for procedures that use which 2 types of doctors?
- cardiac surgeon
2. interventional cardiologist
Because CABG patients have CAD, the goal is to avoid which two occurrences?
Do we premedicate for CABG patients?
- anxiety
- tachycardia
Yes: Give higher dose of Midazolam
Patients undergoing CABG require heavier medication than valve replacement
Are stenotic heart valves typically replaced or repaired
replaced
-leads to better outcomes
Repairs involve removal of calcifications
Are regurgitant heart valves typically repaired or replaced?
Repaired
- although both repaired and replaced can be done
Do we premedicate for valve repair/replacement patients?
why or why not?
NO:
Premedication can lower blood pressure and cause vasodilation = reduced preload and afterload
Patients for valve repair need to maintain preload/afterload
In MICS valve repair/replacement surgeries:
are they most commonly performed On or Off pump?
If on pump, where are the cannulation sites?
on pump
femoral vessels
Can valve repair/replacments be done with the Da Vinci robot?
yes
-bypass is possible via femoral vessels
What are 6 surgical ways in which valves may be repaired or replaced
- MICS
- Da Vinci
- Endovascular (off pump)
- Full Bypass with an arrested/beating heart
- Right heart bypass for pulmonic/tricuspid valves
- Transapical (off pump)
When would we consider using an endovascular valve repair technique?
in patients who do not qualify for open heart surgery
Endovascular aortic valve replacement is referred to as what 2 names?
- Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
2. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
What are the 2 catheter/stent pathways for TAVR and TAVI?
Which is most common?
- femoral artery to aortic valve (most common)
2. axillary artery to aortic valve