Anesthesia- Khalil and Wyatt

Question 1

Capnography

Answer 1

Monitors end tidal CO2

Question 2

Volatile anesthetics examples

Answer 2

Isofllurane, sevoflurane, desflurane

Question 3

Uses of volatile anesthetics

Answer 3

vaso and bronchodilation

good for asthmatics, COPD, and restrictive airway diseases

Question 4

Volatile anesthetics affected by

Answer 4

Resp rate, CO, gas flow from anesthesia machine

Question 5

MAC Bar

Answer 5

deepest level of anesthesia, lack hemodynamic response to incision

Question 6

laryngeal mask airway

Answer 6

not true secure airway- can’t use w GERD, obesity, full stomachs, nausea

Question 7

Moa of spinal

Answer 7

block transmission of posterior N root- somatic and visceral
block anterior N root- motor and automatic
unopposed parasympathetic

Question 8

Benzodiazepines

Answer 8

Diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam
antianxiety, amnesic and sedative
bind GABA receptor
Go through liver
MINIMAL EFFECT on CV 
reversed w flumazenil

Question 9

Opioids

Answer 9

Fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphine
vind through CNS-Mu and kappa
Liver
Resp depression
reversed w Narcan

Question 10

Ketamine

Answer 10

dissociate the thalamus from limbic cortex
NMDA antagonist
increases BP, HR and CO
minimal effect on resp

Question 11

Etomidate

Answer 11

GABA like,
liver
minimal on CV
cause adrenal suppression

Question 12

Propfol

Answer 12

GABA
decrease BP
RESP depression
OK if renal/liver failure

Question 13

Succinylcholine

Answer 13

mimics ACH, metabolized by pseudocholinesterase
quick onset
short acting
Can lead to tachycardia then bradycardia, hyperkalemia, post op myalgias

Question 14

Succinylcholine indications

Answer 14

full stomach
difficult airway
short duration muscle relaxation

Question 15

Succinylcholine contraindicators

Answer 15

hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia history
DMD
atypical pseudocholinesterase
upregulated receptors- paralysis stroke etc

Question 16

Rocuronium

Answer 16

non depolarizing muscle relaxants, quick onset, intermediate duration

Question 17

paralytic reversal

Answer 17

administer cholinesterase inhibitor- neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine
must co-administer an anticholinergic- glycopyrrolate, atropine

Question 18

Cholinesterase inhibitors do what

Answer 18

increase ACH everywhere

bradycardia, GI motility, secretions, bronchoconstrictions

Question 19

Sugammadex

Answer 19

no reblocking

Question 20

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 20

defect of ryanodine receptor
Tachycardia
increased CO2
acidosis
arrhythmia
renal filure

Question 21

Tx Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 21

some hot dude better give iced fluids fast

Furosemide-increases urine output