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RUSVM Surgery Lab I > Anesthesia Quiz > Flashcards

Anesthesia Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

On what size patients would you use a non-rebreathing system?

A

<3kg

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2
Q

What is the normal SaO2?

A

95-100%

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3
Q

Where can you feel for a pulse in SA and LA?

A

SA: labial, digital, dorsal pedal, metatarsal LA: auricular, transverse facial, facial

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4
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a horse?

A

28-44

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5
Q

What size cuff should be used for Doppler/Oscillometric?

A

WIDTH = 30-40% the circumference of the limb If too big or tight - underestimates If too small or loose - overestimates

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6
Q

What is the normal temperature for a dog?

A

100.4-102.2

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7
Q

What are pulse ox results affected by?

A

Tissue thickness

Hypoperfusion, vasoconstriction

Anemia

Pigment of tongue

Altered Hb Binding: -CO/CN poisoning (will read higher than the actual %), Methemoglobinemia (reads in mid 80s)

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8
Q

What type of waveform is this?

What are some possible causes?

A

Rebreathing waveform (not returning to baseline)

Possible Causes:

Faulty expiratory valve

Too low fresh gas flow in non-rebreathing system

Expired Soda Lime (malfunction in Co2 absorber)

Insufficient expiratory time

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9
Q

What are the components of the ECG wave?

A

P wave - atrial depolarization QRS wave - ventricular depolarization; atrial repolarization T wave - ventricular repolarization

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10
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a dog?

A

10-30

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11
Q

Is PaCO2 respiratory or metabolic? Hco3-?

A

PaCo2 is respiratory

HCO3- is metabolic

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12
Q

What type of system is this?

A

Mapleson D

(Non-rebreathing)

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13
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a sheep?

A

70-90

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14
Q

Where should the cuff be placed for oscillometric BP measurement?

A

**At level of base of heart SA: distal radius, distal tibia, metatarsus LA: Metacarpus, Tail

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15
Q

What is the normal SaO2 on 100% O2? on air?

A

100%

95%

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16
Q

What is the normal temperature for a cat?

A

101.3-102.2

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17
Q

What is a normal SpO2 reading?

A

>95%

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18
Q

What type of waveform is this?

A

Expiratory obstruction/Bronchospasm

Give B2 agonist

“Shark Fin” appearance

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19
Q

How do you calculate what size reservoir bag to use?

A

15 ml/kg * 6 * BW (kg) = mL of bag

**ROUND UP

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20
Q

Is PaCO2 an acid or a base? HCO3-?

A

PaCO2 is an acid

HCO3- is a base

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21
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a cat?

A

120-180

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22
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a sheep?

A

12-20

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23
Q

What type of system is this?

A

Circle (Y)

(Rebreathing)

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24
Q

Where should the leads be placed in a SA and what leads do you use?

A

Lead II RA = white LA = Black LL = Red right is white, smoke over fire

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25
Why do we use ECG?
record of heart's electrical activity (action potentials) from body surface. Does NOT indicate the heart is contracting. HR, Rhythm, Morphology, Cardiac oxygenation, electrolyte disturbances
26
What is normal ETCO2?
35-45 mmHg
27
What is TCO2?
Almost the same as HCO3- --\> 99% of Co2 is HCO3-
28
What is the normal PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
29
What are some advantages of the Doppler BP?
Excellent pulse monitor Fewer artifacts from movement, arrhythmia, vasoconstriction Can measure BP on small animals too
30
What is the normal respiration rate for a cat?
20-40
31
# Define Hypothermia What are some consequences?
\<96 Below 94 MAC decreases - less anesthetic required Recovery is prolonged CV function is depressed
32
What are the induction/recovery and maintenance flow rates for large animals (\>50kg\*\*)?
Induction/Recovery = 20-50 mL/kg/min Maintenance = 10-20 mL/kg/min
33
How would you treat high lactate?
Give fluids
34
What are the normal blood pressures for a horse?
SAP: 118-168 DAP: 76-116 MAP: 95-133
35
Which letter corresponds with ETCo2?
D
36
Where should the leads be placed in a LA and what leads do you use?
Lead I Right jugular furrow (Whithers) = white ventral midline under apex of heart = black left flank = red
37
What are some disadvantages of the Doppler BP?
\*\*SYSTOLIC pressure only unreliable for diastolic BP or Mean BP size and placement of cuff affects results underestimates systolic pressure in cats hard to place, more labour intensive, noisy
38
How do you treat hypothermia?
Turn down/off vapourizer Give warm fluids Reduce skin exposure to air Turn on Warmer (blanket, bair hugger, hot dog)
39
Which artery do you use in horses for direct BP measurement?
Facial artery
40
Where do you place an esophageal stethoscope?
Insert at midline dorsal to ET tube along the palatine raphe
41
What type of system is this?
Universal F
42
Hypoxia is define as what in regards to PaO2 and SaO2?
PaO2 \<60mmHg SaO2 \<90%
43
What type of waveform is this?
Cardiogenic oscillations | (heart beating against lungs)
44
What does a pulse oximeter measure? where does it go?
Measures SpO2 - % of Hb saturated with oxygen Does on tongue
45
What is the normal PaO2?
80-110mmHg in air \>500mmHg in 100% O2
46
How would your PaCO2 levels change if you were hyperventilating or hypoventilating?
Hyperventilation - decreased PaCO2 Hypoventilation - increased PaCO2
47
How do you treat hyperthermia?
Turn up vapourizer Give bolus fluids cold packs in inguinal areas alcohol to foot pads/ears turn off warmer
48
Define HYPOTENSION in terms of SAP and MAP
SAP \<80 mmHg MAP \<60 mmHg Below these numbers kidneys will not get adequate perfusion or be able to maintain GFR, cerebral perfusion will be compromised
49
What type of ventilation is this? What would be their ETCo2 level?
Hypoventilation Hypercapnea (Co2 accumulation in bloodstream) - ETCO2 \>45mmHg
50
What is the normal for BE? If BE is + what does this mean? If -?
0 +/- 4 If BE is + = metabolic alkalosis If BE is - = metabolic acidosis
51
What are some advantages of oscillometric BP measurement?
\*\*Systolic, Diastolic and Mean BP obtained Easy to place Automatic readings, less labour intensive
52
What are the most common arrhythmias under anesthesia?
Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Tachycardia 1st and 2nd degree AV blocks
53
What is the normal temperature for a sheep?
102-104
54
What is the normal temperature for a horse?
99-101.0
55
What are the 5 causes of Hypoxemia?
Ventilation/Perfusion Mismatch Hypoventilation Low FiO2 Right to Left Shunt Diffusion Impairment \*\*Very Happy Lovers Rarely Die\*\*
56
What is the normal heart rate for a dog?
60-120
57
What is the normal PaO2 on 100% O2? On air?`
500mmHg 110mmHg
58
What are the normal blood pressures for a dog?
SAP: 90-140 DAP: 50-80 MAP: 60-100
59
What is the normal respiration rate for a horse?
8-20
60
How do you calculate the psi remaining in an E Cylinder? and how many minutes are left?
2200psi/660L = psi left on E tank/ X Litres X Litres/(Flow liters/min) = minutes remaining
61
Where should the doppler cuff be placed in relation to the probe?
Proximal
62
How do you perform a leak check?
Set all gauges to zero Close APL valve Occlude patient end of breathing system Pressurize system to 30cmH2O with O2 flush Ensure the pressure remains fixed for 30 seconds --\> if leak is present run on oxygen flow rate to 300mL --\> if leak stops, this is acceptable Turn off the flow meter (if on) Open APL valve If there is a persistent leak check the following: - Co2 cannister (most common leak area) - Expiratory and Inspiratory Valves - Other connections
63
Where do you obtain a sample for your blood gas in SA and LA?
SA: dorsal pedal artery LA: facial artery, transverse facial artery, auricular artery
64
What is the normal pH of the blood?
7.35-7.45
65
What are some examples of non-rebreathing systems?
Mapleson D Mapleson F
66
What is capnography used for?
Monitors breath by breath ventilation, apnea, resp. rate Assess intubation (CO2 indicates proper intubation) Monitors return to circulation, estimate of CO in CPR Rebreathing CO2
67
What is your O2 flow rate in a non-rebreathing system?
Needs to be 2-3x tidal volume 300 mL/kg/min
68
What are the normal blood pressures for a cat?
SAP: 80-140 DAP: 55-75 MAP: 60-100
69
What are 2 ways to measure HR?
Esophageal stethoscope, ECG
70
What is the normal HCO3-?
24 +/- 4 cats = 22 +/- 2 sheep = 30 +/- 5
71
# Define Hyperthermia What are some consequences?
\>102 Higher anesthetic requirements (increases the MAC) Damage to CNS R/O malignant hyperthermia
72
What are some examples on Rebreathing systems? What patients do we use them on?
Circle (Y) hose (sheep) Universal F (Donkey/SA)
73
What are the induction/recovery and maintenance flow rates for small animals (\*\*\<50kg\*\*)?
Induction/Recovery = 50-100 mL/kg/min Maintenance = 20-50 mL/kg/min
74
What are some disadvantages of oscillometric BP measurement?
Less reliable in patients \<10kg Movement, stress, vasoconstriction, hypotension, weak pulse - may cause inaccurate readings Not reading constantly - may have arrest between readings
75
What type of waveform is this? What type of ventilation? What would be their ETCO2 level?
Hyperventilation Waveform Blowing off too much Co2 - decrease in Co2 \<35mmHg
76
Where can we measure temperature? Advantages of each?
**Core Body Temp:** -Esophagus (more biologically relevant - temp probe to mid thorax) **Peripheral Body Temp**: -Pharync, Rectal, Nasal (colder than core)
77
What is the normal Lactate?
\<2.0 mmol/L
78
What is the definition of HYPOTENSION in SA and LA?
SA: Mean \<60 Systolic \<80 LA: Mean \<70 Systolic \<90
79
Which arteries should be used for doppler in the dog, sheep, horse?
Dog: palmar digital artery, dorsal pedal, coccygeal (tail) Sheep: median artery Horse: tail (coccygeal)

RUSVM Surgery Lab I (2 decks)

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