Anesthesia&Sedation Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is sevoflurane used for?
Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
Monitor for signs/symptoms of malignant hyperthermia and prevent fire hazards in the OR
What are the contraindications for desflurane?
Hypersensitivity to desflurane, other halogenated agents, known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Desflurane can trigger malignant hyperthermia
What is the primary use of nitrous oxide?
Sedation, analgesia, and amnesia; adjunct to inhalation and intravenous general anesthesia
Monitor for adverse reactions
What are the adverse effects of propofol?
Respiratory depression, cardiovascular disturbance such as hypotension, urinary retention, oliguria, increased triglyceride levels
Propofol has a short half-life
What is etomidate used for?
Induction of general anesthesia, procedural sedation, rapid sequence intubation
Monitor respiratory, cardiovascular, and CNS status
What should be monitored when administering ketamine?
Cardiovascular and respiratory status, CNS status, and emergence reactions
Hallucinations may occur
What is the indication for methohexital?
General anesthesia and moderate sedation
Monitor respiratory status and patient safety precautions
What are the uses of benzocaine?
Topical anesthetic
Monitor for cyanosis, dyspnea, weakness, or tachycardia
What is the pharmacologic category of lidocaine?
Antiarrhythmic Agent, Class Ib; Local Anesthetic
Available for systemic, local, ophthalmic, otic, and topical use
What is prilocaine/lidocaine (EMLA) used for?
Topical anesthetic for normal intact skin, genital mucous membranes, and pretreatment for infiltration anesthesia
Monitor site for hypersensitivity reactions
What is the indication for neuromuscular blockers like succinylcholine?
Neuromuscular blockade for intubation, surgery, or mechanical ventilation
Monitor vital signs and degree of neuromuscular block
What should be avoided when administering succinylcholine?
Do not give if serum potassium is elevated
Safety precautions regarding ventilation must be maintained
What is the primary use of dexmedetomidine?
Sedation without respiratory depression
Used for moderate sedation in ICU and during mechanical ventilation
What are the adverse effects of midazolam?
Profound sedation, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest
Black Box Warning for use in noncritical care settings
What is the indication for fentanyl?
Pain control, induction, and moderate sedation
Monitor for respiratory depression and effectiveness of pain relief
What are the contraindications for morphine?
Hypersensitivity to morphine or any component, significant respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma
Monitor for effectiveness of pain relief and sedation
What is the primary use of atropine?
Inhibition of salivation and secretions pre-anesthesia
Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
What should be monitored with scopolamine use?
Heart rate, blood pressure, and potential blurred vision
Apply transdermal patch to hairless area behind the ear
What is naloxone used for?
Complete or partial reversal of opioid depression
Monitor vital signs for signs of respiratory depression
What is flumazenil’s indication?
Reversal of benzodiazepine effects
Monitor for resedation and respiratory depression
What is dantrolene used to treat?
Malignant hyperthermia
Monitor vital signs and IV site closely during infusion
