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Ncm 118 LEC > ANEURYSM > Flashcards

ANEURYSM Flashcards

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1
Q

characterized by a localized, abnormal dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel wall.

A

Aneurysms

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2
Q

The weakening of blood vessel wall can result from various factors, including ____, ______, _____, or _____.

A

genetic predisposition
hypertension
atherosclerosis
trauma

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3
Q

T/F. As the aneurysm grows, the risk of rupture increases.

A

T

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4
Q

most common sites of aneurysm

A

brain
aorta
peripheral arteries

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5
Q

Types of Aneurysms

A
  • Cerebral Aneurysms
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
  • Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
  • Peripheral Aneurysms
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6
Q

A type of aneurysm located in the brain’s blood vessels, often in the Circle of Willis.

A

Cerebral Aneurysms

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7
Q

These can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage if ruptured

A

Cerebral Aneurysms

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8
Q

are more common and can be life threatening if ruptured.

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

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9
Q

A nurse should do when expecting for AAA.

A

Monitoring for signs of retroperitoneal bleeding

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10
Q

Occur in arteries other than the aorta and brain, such as popliteal, femoral, or carotid arteries.

A

Peripheral Aneurysms

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11
Q

These can lead to limb ischemia or stroke if they cause embolization.

A

Peripheral Aneurysms

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12
Q

Critical care nurses should be vigilant for ______ in patients with known peripheral aneurysms.

A

signs of distal ischemia or neurological deficits

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13
Q

Types of Aneurysm: Shape

A

Saccular
Fusiform
Ruptured

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14
Q

Types of Aneurysm: Causes

A

Degenerative
Dissecting

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15
Q

Risk Factors

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Genetic Factors
Age

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16
Q

significantly increases the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture by exerting constant stress on arterial walls

A

Hypertension

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17
Q

accelerates atherosclerosis and weakens blood vessel walls, making it a major
modifiable risk factor

A

Smoking

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18
Q

Pathophysiology: The Formation of Aneurysms

A

Initial Wall Weakening
Focal Dilation
Progressive Expansion
Potential Rupture

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19
Q

hallmark of aneurysm formation

A

Focal Dilation

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20
Q

Cerebral Aneurysms: Common Symptoms

A

Severe Headache
Visual Disturbances
Neck Stiffness

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21
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture: Critical Signs

A

Sudden Severe Headache
Loss of Consciousness
Seizures

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22
Q

The hallmark of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm

A

Sudden Severe Headache

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23
Q

may occur as a result of brain irritation or acute brain injury from bleeding

A

Seizures

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24
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA):
Symptoms and Signs

A

Abdominal Pain
Pulsating Abdominal Mass
nausea, vomiting, or a
feeling of fullness

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25
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (TAA): Unique Manifestations
Chest and Back Pain Respiratory Symptoms Voice Changes Dysphagia
26
Pain associated with TAA is often described as ___, ____, or ____.
sharp tearing ripping
27
Pain can radiate to the back or between the shoulder blades.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
28
Signs of Impending Aneurysm Rupture
Sudden Severe Pain Hypotension Shock
29
Diagnostic Imaging for Aneurysms
CT Scan MRI Angiography Ultrasound
30
Diagnostic Imaging: Diagnosing and evaluating aneurysms
CT Scan
31
Diagnostic Imaging: Detailed brain imaging
MRI
32
Diagnostic Imaging: Detailed vessel imaging, treatment planning
Angiography
33
Diagnostic Imaging: Screening and monitoring AAA
Ultrasound
34
Laboratory Tests in Aneurysm Diagnosis
D-Dimer Complete Blood Count Blood Chemistry Panel Coagulation Profile
35
Laboratory Tests: Elevated levels may indicate a clot or active bleeding
D-Dimer
36
Laboratory Tests: Can show signs of bleeding or infection
Complete Blood Count
37
Laboratory Tests: Monitors organ function, which is essential in assessing overall patient stability and planning for surgery.
Blood Chemistry Panel
38
Laboratory Tests: Important for assessing the patient's bleeding risk, especially before surgical intervention
Coagulation Profile
39
Pre-Rupture Monitoring and Assessment
- Regular Vital Signs Monitoring - Neurological Status Assessment - Pain Assessment
40
Medical Management: Antihypertensive Therapy
Beta-Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers ACE Inhibitors/ARBs
41
Commonly used to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, decreasing stress on the aneurysm wall
Beta-Blockers
42
May be used to control hypertension and reduce vascular resistance
Calcium Channel Blockers
43
Sometimes used for blood pressure management, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions.
ACE Inhibitors/ARBs
44
Note:
Beta bloclers - lol calcium channel b- pine
45
Pain and Anxiety Management
- Use of analgesics: acetaminophen, opioids - Anxiolytics - Caution on benzodiazipines
46
Surgical Interventions for Cerebral Aneurysms
- Clipping - Coiling - Grafting - Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
47
A surgical procedure where a clip is placed at the base of the aneurysm to isolate it from the blood circulation, preventing rupture.
Clipping
48
An endovascular procedure where a catheter is used to insert coils into the aneurysm, promoting clot formation and reducing the risk of rupture
Coiling
49
Surgical replacement of the weakened section of the aorta with a synthetic graft. This is typically done for larger aneurysms or those at high risk of rupture.
Grafting
50
A less invasive procedure where a stent graft is placed inside the aneurysm via a catheter, reinforcing the vessel wall and preventing rupture.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)
51
Criteria for Surgical Intervention
- Size: >5.5 cm - Rapid growth - Symptomatic - Patient's overall health and risk factors
52
Immediate Response to Aneurysm Rupture
ABCs Assessment Rapid Assessment Resuscitative Measures
53
Intensive Monitoring PostRupture
Hemodynamic Monitoring Neurological Checks Pain Control
54
Post-Rupture Complications
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Hemorrhagic Shock - Vasospasm
55
Managing Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
use of osmotic diuretics, hypertonic saline, or controlled ventilation to reduce ICP
56
Managing Hemorrhagic Shock
aggressive fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion may be required to manage shock
57
Managing Vasospasm
Calcium channel blockers
58
Post-Surgical Care and Monitoring
Rebleeding Infection Prevention Graft Integrity
59
Neurological Assessment
- Level of Consciousness - Motor and Sensory Function - Pupil Reaction - Cranial Nerve Function
60
Vital Signs Monitoring "rationalize"
Blood Pressure Heart Rate Respiratory Rate Temperature
61
Signs of Aneurysm Rupture
Sudden Severe Pain Neurological Changes Hypotension Signs of Shock
62
Nursing Diagnoses
- Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion - Risk for Shock - Acute Pain
63
Planning and Goals
- Maintain Stable Hemodynamics - Prevent Rupture - Ensure Adequate Tissue Perfusion
64
Monitoring Interventions
- Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring - Neurological Checks - Hemodynamic Parameters
65
Control blood pressure
Antihypertensives
66
Pain management
Analgesics
67
Prevent seizures
Anticonvulsants
68
Nursing Considerations: Antihypertensives
Monitor BP closely, watch for side effects
69
Nursing Considerations: Analgesics
Assess pain levels, titrate as needed
70
Nursing Considerations: Anticonvulsants
Monitor for therapeutic levels, side effects
71
Patient Positioning: Cerebral Aneurysms
Maintain the head of the bed elevated to 30 degrees to reduce intracranial pressure and promote venous drainage.
72
Patient Positioning: Aortic Aneurysms
Avoid positions that increase intra-abdominal pressure to reduce stress on the aneurysm.

Ncm 118 LEC (5 decks)

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