Angiology/Neurology

Question 1

What are the 8 paraspinal arteries?

Answer 1

Vertebral A. 
Ascending Cervical A. 
Deep Cervical A. 
Posterior Intercostal A.
Subcostal A. 
Lumbar A. 
Iliolumbar A. 
Lateral Sacral A.

Question 2

Where do the Vertebral A., Ascending Cervical A., and the Deep Cervical A. branch from?

Answer 2

Vertebral branches from Subclavian A.

Ascending Cervical branches from the Inferior Thyroid A.

Deep Cervical branches from the Costocervical Trunk

Question 3

Where do the Posterior Intercostal A., Subcostal A, and the Lumbar A. originally branch from?

Answer 3

The descending aorta

Question 4

Where do the Iliolumbar A. and the Lateral Sacral A. branch from?

Answer 4

The internal iliac artery

Question 5

What are the three spinal meninges from the outermost to the innermost layer?

Answer 5

Spinal Dura Mater, Spinal Arachnoid Mather, and Pia Mater

Question 6

What is the spinal dura mater?

Answer 6

It is the outermost tough covering of the spinal cord and the spinal roots

Question 7

What is the spinal arachnoid mater?

Answer 7

It is a thin membranous intermediate layer that lines the spinal Dural sac and holds the Dural sac firmly by the pressure of CSF, which circulates in the subarachnoid space

Question 8

What is the pia mater?

Answer 8

It is the thinnest membrane covering of the spinal cord, and follows the entire surface of the spinal cord, and lines the spinal roots

Question 9

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

8, despite there being 7 cervical vertebrae, because one spinal nerve goes above atlas and one goes below too

Question 10

What areas are there spinal cord enlargements and why do they exist?

Answer 10

Cervical region — due to to the UE

Lumbar region — due to the LE

Question 11

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 11

It is inferior the medullary cone (the terminal cone where the spinal cord ends) and contains the nerve rootlets and roots

Question 12

What is the Lumbar Cistern?

Answer 12

The area near the medullary cone where there is a swelling of the subarachnoid space, where CSF can pool

Question 13

How does the spinal cord send off nerves?

Answer 13

Spinal cord has rootlets (anterior and posterior) —> converge to make anterior and posterior roots —> converge to make the spinal nerve —> after exiting the vertebral foramen it becomes the anterior and posterior rami

Anterior rami = feeds into the plexuses
Posterior rami = innervated intrinsic back muscles