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Bio 153 > Angiosperms 10/9 > Flashcards

Angiosperms 10/9 Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperms
Phylum: Anthophyta
* ______________ plants
* _____________group of plants
(_______% of all plants)
* 350,000 species!
* __________________Earth for
>______ million years
* Became dominant plant group
in late ______________ Period
* Diverse in sizes, shapes, habitats,
growth habits, nutrition

A
  1. flowering
  2. largest
  3. 85%
  4. dominated
  5. 100
  6. cretaceous
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2
Q

Phylum: Anthophyta
* Exact __________________ is
debated
* Some hypothesize _________
Period (200–145 mya)
* Or ___________(250–200 mya)
* Angiosperm pollen found
from as far back as 240 mya

A
  1. time of origin
  2. Jurassic
  3. Triassic
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3
Q

Basal Angiosperms
Diagnostic features:
* Pollen has _________ groove
* Seeds with ____ cotyledons
(some)
Magnoliales (magnoliids)
* ________________ group
* Ex. magnolias, laurels, avocados,
peppercorn, cinnamon
Austrobaileyales – star anise
Nymphaeales – ___________________
Amborella
* Closest living relative of _________
flowering plants

A
  1. Single
  2. 3+
  3. Largest
  4. water lilies
  5. first
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4
Q

Monocots and Dicots
A) Monocots
* _______ cotyledon (___________________)
* Pollen has ________________ groove
* Flower parts in ____’s or multiples of ___’s
* _______________ leaf venation
* Vascular bundles scattered in stem
* _____________________ species
* Ex. __________, palms, orchids, ________

A
  1. 1 cotyledon(seed leaf)
  2. single
  3. 3’s (both blanks)
  4. Parallel
  5. 65,000
  6. grasses, onions
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5
Q

B) Dicots
* _____ cotyledons per seed
* Pollen has _____ grooves
* Flower parts in ___’s or ____’s or multiples
* _____________ leaf venation
* Vascular tissues or bundles in circular
arrangement
* ___________________ species
* ex. legumes, hardwood trees

A
  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4’s , 5’s
  4. Net
  5. 200,000
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6
Q

Flower stuctures
* Peduncle
(_________________ )
expands at tip into a
___________________
– Bears sepals, petals,
stamens, and carpels

A
  1. flower stalk
  2. receptacle
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7
Q
  • Calyx
  • Collection of _________
  • _____________ flower
    bud before it opens
  • Corolla
  • Collection of _________
  • Usually colorful
  • ___________ pollinators
  • Perianth:
  • Calyx + Corolla
  • Tepals: when sepals
    and petals are
    ___________ together
A
  1. sepals
  2. protect
  3. petals
  4. attract
  5. fused
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8
Q
  • Stamen (Male)
  • Anther (contains
    _______________)
  • Filament (_________)
  • Carpel/Pistil (Female)
  • Ovary - Swollen base
    Fruit
  • Style - Elevates stigma
  • Stigma - ___________
    receptor of __________
A
  1. pollen grains
  2. stalk
  3. sticky
  4. grains
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9
Q

Perfect flower:
flowers with ____________ male and female parts

A
  1. both
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10
Q

Imperfect flower:
a flower that has only male parts or only
female parts
Staminate: ________ flowers
Pistillate: _________ flowers

A
  1. male
  2. female
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11
Q

Flowering Plant Life Cycle
1. Sporophyte (2N) consist of:
Carpel: stigma, style, ovary (________reproductive structures)
Stamen: anther, filament (__________ reproductive structure)

A
  1. female
  2. male
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12
Q

Flowering Plant Life Cycle
2. Anther comprised of many _______________________
Pollen sacs comprised of many microsporocytes
Ovary comprised of an _______________
(megasporangium, megasporocyte)

A
  1. pollen sacs
  2. ovule
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13
Q

Flowering Plant Life Cycle
Meiosis:
Megasporocytes (2N) 4 megaspores (1N)
(___ disintegrate)
(___ functional)

Microsporocyte (2N) 4 microspores (1N)

A
  1. 3
  2. 1
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14
Q
  1. Fertilization
    Sperm #1 and egg fuse to form a zygote (2N)
    Sperm #2 unites with polar nuclei (3N)=___________
    _____________________ (unique to angiosperms)
A
  1. enosperm
  2. double fertilization
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15
Q
  1. Flower dies (completed its purpose = _______________)
    * Zygote develops into the seed (____________________)
    * ___________ wall develops into fruit and covers seeds
A
  1. reproduction
  2. embryo/endosperm
  3. ovary wall
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16
Q

Pollination
2 types of pollination:
* Self-pollination: when pollen from an anther
reaches stigma of ______________________
* Cross-pollination: when pollen from an anther
reaches stigma of ______________________

A
  1. same flower
  2. of another flower
17
Q

Pollination
* Many angiosperms
______________ with
pollinators (insects, bats,
birds)
* Plants make ________
_______________ to attract
animal pollinators (i.e.
nectar, pollen, etc.)
* Animals picks up _______
from male parts, transfer
to female reproductive
parts

A
  1. coevolved
  2. big investments
  3. pollen
18
Q

Pollination Syndromes
Bats and moths
* Nighttime pollinators
* Intensely __________ smelling
* ___________, pale petals
Birds
* Daytime pollinators
* Flowers are ______ and _________
* Good _________, poor sense of ______
* ____________ fragrance
Beetles and flies
* Flowers smell like _________ meat,
____________, decaying matter
Bees
* See ______________ light
* Flowers have _____________odors
* Flowers _________, ________, _________

A
  1. sweet
  2. white
  3. red and yellow
  4. vision, poor smell
  5. low
  6. rotten, dung
  7. ultraviolent
  8. sweet
  9. yellow, blue, purple
19
Q

Pollination Syndromes
* Wind-pollinated flowers usually
__________________
* Make big investments in _______
* ____________ fan out to easily
catch pollen

A
  1. not showy
  2. pollen
  3. stigmas
20
Q
  • Fruits protect and aid in
    ______________________
  • Utilize wind, gravity, water, and
    animals for dispersal
  • Seeds have adaptations like
    stickers, hooks, fuzz to adhere to
    ____________________
A
  1. seed dispersal
  2. animals
21
Q

Exocarp: outermost layer
Mesocarp: middle “________________” layer
Endocarp: inner layer
Some fruits do not include a mesocarp
Usually eat the _______________________

A
  1. fleshy
  2. exocarp
22
Q

1) Simple Fruits
* Derived from _____________ or several united carpels
* Develop from ___ pistil and consists of ___ matured ovary
* Ovary can have one or many chamb

A
  1. single
  2. 1
  3. 1
23
Q
  • Simple pistil (ovary)
    – ______ ovule in ovary
    – Fruit from this pistil will
    produce _____ seed
  • Ex. Wheat or peach
  • _____________ pistil (ovary)
    – Multiple ovules in the
    ovary, produce multiple
    seeds
  • Ex. Peas in a pod or
    tomato
A
  1. 1
  2. 1
  3. Compound
24
Q

2) Compound fruits:
Develop from several
____________________
A) Aggregate Fruits – Fusion of
ovaries from a single flower
* From flowers that have a
number of single pistils that
stick together
* Several matured ovaries
(simple fruits) stick together
to form a aggregate fruit
* Ex. ___________________

A
  1. individual ovaries
  2. blackberries
25
Q

2) Multiple Fruits
Ovaries are from ____________________ clustered together

A

1.separate flowers

Bio 153 (14 decks)

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