Animal Adaptations to the Environment

Question 1

has consequences for structural and functional relationships in animals, and as such, presents a fundamental constraint on adaptation

Answer 1

size

Question 2

geometrically similar objects, such as cubes, or spheres

Answer 2

isometric

Question 3

mouthparts of mosquito

Answer 3

piercing mouthparts

Question 4

mouthparts of grasshopper

Answer 4

chewing mouthparts

Question 5

mouthparts of seed-eating bird

Answer 5

strong, conical bill

Question 6

mouthparts of flamingo

Answer 6

straining bill

Question 7

mouthparts of hawk

Answer 7

tearing beak

Question 8

mouthparts of herbivores

Answer 8

grinding molars

Question 9

mouthparts of carnivores

Answer 9

canine and shearing teeth

Question 10

shape helps eagle to catcch animals as it flies

Answer 10

strong, sharp, hooked beak

Question 11

shape helps crack nuts and seeds and to tear fruits

Answer 11

sharp and curved beak

Question 12

shape helps it to catch fish and worms in the water

Answer 12

flat and broad beak

Question 13

shape helps it to pick small grains

Answer 13

small pointed beak

Question 14

shape helps it to suck nectar from flowers

Answer 14

straw-like, long and slender beak

Question 15

Three classifications of animals based on sources of food

Answer 15

1. herbivores
2. carnivores
3. omnivores

Question 16

feed exclusively on plant tissues

Answer 16

herbivores

Question 17

flesh eaters

Answer 17

carnivores

Question 18

eats plants and animals

Answer 18

omnivores

Question 19

Two classifications of plants based on variations in the external environment

Answer 19

1. conformers
2. regulators

Question 20

organisms that are unable to maintain consistent internal conditions such as body fluid salinity or levels of tissue oxygen

Answer 20

conformers

Question 21

examples of conformers

Answer 21

echinoderms (osmoconformers)

Question 22

internal body fluids quickly come to equilibrium with seawater that surrounds them

Answer 22

osmoconformers

Question 23

use a variety of biochemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral mechanisms to regulate their internal environments over a broad range of external environmental conditions

Answer 23

regulators

Question 24

what is involved in regulation of internal conditions

Answer 24

• homeostasis
• feedback

Question 25

maintainance of a relatively constant internal environment in a varying external environment

Answer 25

homeostasis

Question 26

feedback loop

Answer 26

1. variable 2. receptor 3. integrator 4. effector

Question 27

focus of regulation

Answer 27

variable

Question 28

- measures the internal environment for the variable - transfers the information to the integrator

Answer 28

receptor

Question 29

- evaluates the information from the receptor - determines actions that need to be taken by the effector

Answer 29

integrator

Question 30

functions to modify the internal environment (variable that is the focus of regulation)

Answer 30

effector

Question 31

temperature regulation in the human body

Answer 31

1. body temperature (variable) 2. nerve receptors (receptor) 3. brain (integrator) 4. muscles (effector)

Question 32

Major ways of gaining water and solutes by terrestrial animals

Answer 32

1. directly drinking and eating 2. indirectly by producing metabolic water in process of respiration

Question 33

aviod the effects of drought by entering a period of physiological inactivity (dormancy)

Answer 33

estivation

Question 34

stage of arrested development in their life cycle from which they emerge when conditions improve

Answer 34

diapause

Question 35

summer sleep

Answer 35

estivation

Question 36

winter sleep

Answer 36

hibernation

Question 37

- aquatic organisms living in freshwater - have higher salt concentration in their bodies than surrounding water

Answer 37

hyperosmotic

Question 38

organisms have lower salt concentrations in their body than surrounding water

Answer 38

hypoosmotic

Question 39

body fluids have same osmotic pressure as surrounding seawater

Answer 39

isosmotic

Question 40

organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by behavioral means such as basking or burrowing.

Answer 40

poikilotherms

Question 41

poikilotherms word from

Answer 41

Greek poikilos = changeable

Question 42

organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity

Answer 42

homeotherms

Question 43

homeotherms word from

Answer 43

Greek homoeo = same

Question 44

animals produce significant quantities of heat by __

Answer 44

metabolism

Question 45

how can animals seek out or escape heat and cold

Answer 45

mobility

Question 46

respiratory system of insect

Answer 46

- tracheal system - spiracles

Question 47

respiratory openings found on the thorax and abdomen of insects

Answer 47

Spiracles

Question 48

respiratory system of mammals

Answer 48

lungs

Question 49

respiratory of scallop and fish

Answer 49

gills