Animal behavior applied

Question 1

What is behavior?

Answer 1

Actions/reactions of an organism in response to environment (internal or external)

Question 2

What is Empirical Approach?

Answer 2

Based on observation or experience

Question 3

What is teleology?

Answer 3

Every animal has a purpose (telos)

Question 4

What did John Ray study?

Answer 4

Birds (innate behavior)

Question 5

What did Charles George Leroy study?

Answer 5

Animal intelligence

Question 6

What did Douglas Spalding study?

Answer 6

Relationship between instinct and experience

Question 7

What did Charles Darwin study?

Answer 7

Emotional behavior

Question 8

What does Ethology focus on?

Answer 8

Natural behavior of animals in their environment (mental process of emotion associated with behavior)

Question 9

What does Comparative Psychology focus on?

Answer 9

Learning and behavior through controlled labatory experiments

Question 10

What is behaviorism?

Answer 10

Study of observable behaviors and environmental factors that influence them

Question 11

What condition did Ivan Pavlov find?

Answer 11

Classical conditioning

Question 12

What condition did John B Watson find?

Answer 12

Little Albert: Experiment on how emotional responses could be conditioned

Question 13

What did B.F Skinner find?

Answer 13

Operant conditioning and reinforcement

Question 14

What is an example of classical conditioning?

Answer 14

Bell (neutral stimulus) ringing means food (unconditioned stimulus) makes dog salivate (learning though association)

Question 15

What is observable behavior?

Answer 15

Behaviors that can be observed (not internal or mental)

Question 16

What is an example of operant conditioning?

Answer 16

Animal learning to preform specific actions to receive rewards “Skinner box” (learning through consequences)

Question 17

What is Law of Effect?

Answer 17

Behaviors with satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those with unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated

Question 18

What is Animal Training?

Answer 18

Positive reinforcement used to teach animals specific behaviors

Question 19

What is behavioral therapy?

Answer 19

Derived from behaviorism to treat physiological disorders

Question 20

What is research experimentation?

Answer 20

Controlled experiments that investigate the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses

Question 21

What is Reductionism?

Answer 21

Ignores role of internal mental processes and emotions

Question 22

What is determinism?

Answer 22

Behavior is solely determined by environment factors

Question 23

What methods does ethology use?

Answer 23

Observational studies in natural settings (innate behaviors, fixed action patterns, imprinting)

Question 24

What theoretical basis does ethology use?

Answer 24

Behavior as adaptation to environment and how it contributes to survival and reproduction

Question 25

What is fixed action patterns (fap)

Answer 25

Sequence of instinctive behaviors that run to completion (triggered by specific stimulus)

Question 26

What is innate behavior?

Answer 26

FAP in animals nervous system and doesn’t require learning or experience

Question 27

What is stereotyped sequence?

Answer 27

Predictable unchangeable sequence

Question 28

What is imprinting?

Answer 28

Learning at a particular life stage that is rapid

Question 29

What is critical period?

Answer 29

Occurs during specific time window

Question 30

Once imprinting had occurred it is usually…

Answer 30

Irreversible

Question 31

What did Niko Tinbergen do?

Answer 31

Formulated four fundamental questions to understand animal behavior comprehensively

Question 32

What is Mechanism (Causation)?

Answer 32

How does this behavior occur in an individual?

Question 33

What is Ontogeny (development)?

Answer 33

How does this behavior arise in an individual?

Question 34

What is Adaptive Value (Function)?

Answer 34

Why is this behavior adaptive for this species?

Question 35

What is Phylogeny?

Answer 35

How does this behavior arise in the species?

Question 36

Hormonal triggers and neutral mechanisms are examples of…

Answer 36

Mechanism (Causation)

Question 37

Imprinting and and Learning are examples of…

Answer 37

Ontogeny (development)

Question 38

Foraging strategies, territory defense, and mating displays are examples of…

Answer 38

Adaptation (function)

Question 39

Comparative studies and fossil records are examples of…

Answer 39

Phylogeny (evolution)

Question 40

What is Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT)?

Answer 40

Model in behavior ecology that helps predict how animals behave when searching for food

Question 41

What is proximate explanations?

Answer 41

Address the immediate causes of behavior (Causation and Development)

Question 42

What is Ultimate Explanations?

Answer 42

Address the evolutionary reasons for behavior (Function and Evolution)

Question 43

What are Proximate factors?

Answer 43

Factors that directly trigger and control behavior (Physiological mechanisms, environmental factors affecting behavior)

Question 44

What are Ultimate Factors?

Answer 44

Factors related to the consequences or adaptive value of the behavior (Adaptive value, survival value, and fitness)

Question 45

What is cognitive ethology?

Answer 45

Focuses on the study of animal minds (how animals perceive, think and make decisions in their natural environment)

Question 46

What is applied ethology?

Answer 46

Scientific study of animal behavior with a focus on practical applications to improve animal welfare, management, and conservation

Question 47

What is welfare assessment?

Answer 47

Evaluates the well being of animals in various settings

Question 48

What are the five freedoms?

Answer 48

• Freedom from hunger and thirst • Freedom from discomfort • Freedom from pain, injury, or disease • Freedom from fear and distress • Freedom to express normal behavior

Question 49

What gives animals behavior disorders?

Answer 49

• Anxiety • Conflict • Fear • Learned reactions • Genetics