Animal Classification Flashcards
Taxonomy
The ordering and naming of organisms which was created by Carl Linnaeus.
2 key features in his system that are still used today
two-part names for organisms, heirchrachical classification
Two part scientific name of an organism is called
the binomial nomenclature
2 parts of the binomial nomenclature
the first part of the name is the genus and the second part is the specific epithet (species)
Genus
group of closely related species (ex. urus=bear-all kinds)
Specific Epithet
identifies the species within that gens (ex. urus americanis=black bears)
The taxonomic groups from broad to narrow introduced by Linnaeus
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
6 kingdom system of classification introduced in 1990s
Animili and Plante were first, then fungi, protisia, eubacteria, & archaebacteria
3 Domaines
bacteria-> archaebacteria, archae-> eubacteria, eukarya-> all the rest
Classification leading to humans
animila-> chordate-> vertebrates (amphibians, birds, mammals, fish, reptiles) and invertebrates (sponges, sea anemones, bugs)
What are the 4 things needed to be a member of the chordate phylum?
- Notochord 2. Doral hollow nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits of clefs 4. Muscular post-anal tail
Notochord
a flexible, cartilaginous rod in the back of the animal’s back. between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. provides skeletal support and is a flexible structure that muscles can work. In humans, it is reduced to disks between vertebraes
2 parts to a disk
- outer annulus fibrosis(resist compression) 2. nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc (provide shock absorption during movement)
a Dorsal hollow nerve cord
in vertebrates, the nerve cord is called the spinal cord and it grows a brain on the end while it is an embryo
what percent of all chordate species are vertebrates
96%
Pharyngeal pouches
behind the mouth is the pharynx, in chordate embryos a series of pouches are separated by grooves that form along the sides of the pharynx
Pharyngeal slits
in some chordates, the grooves develop into slits that open to the outside of the body (modified for gas exchange)
Muscular, post-anal tail
at some point in their lives, all chordates have a tail
types of invertebrates
tunicates, lancelets
Tunicates
adult tunicates are stationary and look like small sacks, they attach to boats and rocks and are common on coral reefs.
Tunicate Larva v.s. adults
a swimming tadpole-like organism that has all four things and mature extremely quickly but the adults are firm and don’t move and they only have pharyngeal slits
The sole job of tunicate larva
to find a suitable place to live out there lives as adults
Tunicate life cycle
They reabsorb all the structures within their tail and use them to build new structures for their adult life
how tunicates get food
Seawater enters through the top and passes through the pharyngeal slits and exits back into the ocean through the siphon. they have a heart that pumps blood and food particles are trapped in the net of mucus that then go to the intestine (plankton feeders)
