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Bio 210B > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Animals are most closely related to:

A

Choanoflagellates (protist)

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2
Q

List the 8 defining characteristics of animals:

A

Multicellularity, ingestive heterotrophs, diplontic life cycle, no cell walls, specialized tissues, motile, reproduction and development, Hox genes

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3
Q

What are the four types of animal tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

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4
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A

Densely packed cells that cover the outside of the body and line the insides of organs and body cavities

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5
Q

Function of epithelial tissue?

A

protection, absorption, secretion

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6
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Composed of various types of specialized cells such as fat and soft tissue, bone, tendon

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7
Q

Function of connective tissue?

A

Binding, support, storage (fat cells)

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8
Q

What are the most closely related ancestors to animals and choanoflagellates?

A

Fungi, nucleariids (protist)

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9
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

Composed of specialized contractile cells (contracts and expands), such as cardiac, smooth, and skeletal tissue, that generate movement throughout the body.

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10
Q

Function of muscle tissue?

A

Allows for movement and organ function

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11
Q

Which muscle tissues move involuntarily?

A

Cardiac and smooth tissue

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12
Q

Which muscle tissue move voluntarily?

A

skeletal

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13
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

Specialized cells that create, trasmit, and receive electrical and chemical signals via nerve cells (neurons). Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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14
Q

Function of nervous tissue?

A

Processing information and response

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15
Q

What are the 3 animal symmetry classifications?

A

Asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry

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16
Q

Ventral is:

A

Bottom side of animal (abdomen)

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17
Q

Dorsal is:

A

top side of animal (back)

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18
Q

Posterior is:

A

Back side of animal

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19
Q

Anterior is:

A

Front side of animal

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20
Q

List the 3 embryonic germ layers:

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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21
Q

Diploblasts are:

A

Animals that develop 2 germ layers; the ectoderm and the endoderm. Commonly animals that display radial symmetry

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22
Q

Triploblasts are:

A

Animals that develop all 3 germ layers; the ectoderm (outer layer), endoderm (inner layer), and the mesoderm (middle layer). Animals that display bilateral symmetry are triploblastic

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23
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

The outermost embryonic germ layer that will form the skin, central nervous system.

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24
Q

What is the endoderm?

A

The innermost embryonic germ layer that will form the digestive tract and the lining of the body cavity and organs

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25
What is the mesoderm?
The middle embryonic germ layer that will form all specialized muscle tissues, as well as connective tissues and other major organs
26
Diploblasts refer to animals with which symmetry?
Radial symmetry
27
Triploblasts refer to animals with which symmetry?
Bilateral symmetry
28
What is the name for a body cavity?
Coelem
29
How many different types of coelem are there and list them?
Acoelomates, Coelomates, and pseudocoelomates
30
What is an acoelomate?
Animals that lack a body cavity between the digestive cavity and outer body wall.
31
What is a coelomate?
Animals that have a coelem completely lined by tissue derived from the mesoderm
32
What is a pseudocoelomate?
Animals that have a hemocoel, which is a body cavity lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm and the endoderm
33
Presence or absence of a coelem is a subdivision classification of triploblastic or diploblastic animals?
Triploblastic
34
What develops at the blastopore in triploblastic protostomes?
The mouth
35
What develops at the blastopore in triploblastic deuterostomes?
The anus
36
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries
37
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
Distributes blood, nutrients and gases throughout the body
38
What are the main components of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, cecum, and anus
39
What is the purpose of the digestive system?
Ingestion and digestion of food
40
What are the main components of the Endocrine system?
Hormone secreting glands
41
What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
Regulates development, growth, energy metabolism, reproduction, and coordination of other body activities
42
What are the main components of the excretory system?
Kidneys, urethra, adrenal gland, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, bladder
43
What is the purpose of the excretory system?
Disposal of metabolic waste
44
What are the main components of the immune system?
Bone marrow, lymph nodes, lymph vessel
45
What is the purpose of the immune system?
Protection of the body and defense against pathogens, fight infections
46
What are the main components of the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails
47
What is the purpose of the integumentary system?
Protects against mechanical injury, prevents dehydration, regulates body temperature
48
What are the main components of the muscular system?
skeletal muscles
49
What is the purpose of the muscular system?
Locomotion and other movements
50
What are the main components of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
51
What is the purpose of the nervous system?
Detect and respond to environmental stimuli
52
What are the main components of the reproductive system?
Ovaries, testes, any organ that produces gametes
53
What is the purpose of the reproductive system?
Produce gametes
54
What are the main components of the respiratory system?
Lungs, trachea, nasal cavity
55
What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, provide oxygen to cells throughout the body and removes CO2 from cells.
56
What are the main components of the skeletal system?
Skeleton, cartilage, joints
57
What is the purpose of the skeletal system?
Structural and body support, protects internal organs
58
What are hox genes?
Genes responsible for determining the general body plan
59
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Porifera?
Sponges
60
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Cnidaria?
Jellyfish, hydra
61
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Platyhelminthes?
Flatworms
62
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Mollusca?
clams, snails, squids
63
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Annelida?
Segmented worms, or earthworms
64
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Nematoda?
Roundworms
65
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum arthropoda?
Crustaceans, insects, spiders
66
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum echinodermata?
sea stars and sea urchins
67
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Chordata?
Lancelets, tunicates, and vertebrates
68
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Syndermata?
Rotifer and acantocephalan
69
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Ctenophora?
Cone jelly
70
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Ectoprocta?
Bugula
71
What are representative kinds of animals for Phylum Braciopoda?
brachiopods
72
What are the five shared derived characteristics of Chordates?
Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, muscular post anal tail, and an endostyle
73
What does the notochord develop into in vertebrates?
The vertebral column
74
What does the dorsal hollow nerve cord develop into in vertebrates?
The central nervous system
75
What is the function of the pharyngeal slits in embryos?
Openings in the pharynx that allow water that enters the mouth to exit the body without passing through the digestive tract.
76
What is the post anal tail used for?
Locomotion
77
What is the endostyle used for?
Assisting in feeding
78
What does the endostyle develop into in vertebrates?
The thyroid gland

Bio 210B (2 decks)

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