animal diversity

Question 1

Animals obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms.

Answer 1

heterotrophy

Question 2

All animals are multicellular and many have complex bodies

Answer 2

multicellularity

Question 3

Animals lack rigid cell walls and are usually quite flexible.

Answer 3

no cell walls

Question 4

Animals move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members of other kingdoms

Answer 4

active movement

Question 5

Animals vary greatly in form, ranging in size from organisms too small to see with the unaided eye to enormous whales.

Answer 5

diversity in form

Question 6

Animals are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environment

Answer 6

diversity in habitat

Question 7

smallest animal

Answer 7

Myxobolus shekel

Question 8

biggest animal

Answer 8

Balaenoptera musculus

Question 9

Most animals reproduce sexually, with the diploid stage usually dominating the life cycle.

Answer 9

sexual reproduction

Question 10

After Fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, leading to the formation of a blastula, embryonic tissues and gastrula.

Answer 10

embryonic development

Question 11

Animals have two tissues associated with movement: (1) muscle tissue, which contracts, and (2) nervous tissue, which conducts signals among cells

Answer 11

tissues

Question 12

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division called

Answer 12

cleavage

Question 13

Cleavage leads to formation
of a

Answer 13

blastula

Question 14

The blastula undergoes ___, forming a ___ with different layers of embryonic
tissues.

Answer 14

gastrulation; gastrula

Question 15

any of three primary cell layers, formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development

Answer 15

germ layers

Question 16

The germ layers form during the process of

Answer 16

gastrulation

Question 17

The common ancestor of living animals may have lived between 675 and 875 million years ago or what era

Answer 17

Proterozoic era

Question 18

This ancestor may have resembled modern ___, protists that are the closest living relatives of animals.

Answer 18

choanoflagellates

Question 19

The animal kingdom is monophyletic, representing a clade called

Answer 19

metazoa

Question 20

animals with specialized tissues

Answer 20

eumetazoa

Question 21

animals with no tissues

Answer 21

parazoa

Question 22

animals with bilateral symmetry and triploblastic

Answer 22

bilateria

Question 23

animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic

Answer 23

radiata

Question 24

animals with no coelom

Answer 24

acoelomates

Question 25

animals that are protostomes

Answer 25

protostomia

Question 26

animals that are deuterostomes

Answer 26

deuterostomia

Question 27

Animal diversification appears to have accelerated dramatically from 535 to 525 million years ago, during the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic eraa phenomenon often referred to

Answer 27

cambrian explosion

Question 28

a set of morphological and developmental traits, integrated into a functional whole-the living animal.

Answer 28

body plan

Question 29

These are the simplest animals and lack true tissues. Their cells are somewhat specialized but are loosely organized, with minimal division into tissues

Answer 29

parazoa (sponges)

Question 30

a unique feature of Parazoa

Answer 30

asymmetry

Question 31

animal with an up-and-down orientation: any plane cut along its longitudinal axis through the organism produces equal halves, but not a definite right or left side.

Answer 31

radial symmetry

Question 32

animals with radial symmetry

Answer 32

cnidaria and echinodermata

Question 33

division of the animal through a sagittal plane, resulting in two mirror image, right and left halves, such as those of human body.

Answer 33

bilateral symmetry

Question 34

animals with bilateral symmetry

Answer 34

all except porifera, cnidaria, echinodermata

Question 35

The animals that display radial symmetry develop two germ layers called

Answer 35

diploblasts

Question 36

The animals that display bilateral symmetry develop three tissue layers called

Answer 36

triploblasts

Question 37

In between the endoderm and ectoderm is present a noncellular layer known as

Answer 37

mesoglea

Question 38

ectoderm give rise to

Answer 38

outer covering of the body and nervous system

Question 39

endoderm give rise to

Answer 39

digestive system

Question 40

mesoderm give rise to

Answer 40

skeleton and muscles

Question 41

triploblastics results in the separation of animals that may develop an internal body cavity derived from mesoderm, called

Answer 41

coelom

Question 42

This epithelial cell-lined body cavity represents a space, usually filled with fluid, which lies between the visceral organs and the body wall.

Answer 42

coelom

Question 43

provides cushioning and shock absorption for the major organ systems.

Answer 43

coelom

Question 44

Triploblasts that do not develop a coelom are called

Answer 44

acoelomates

Question 45

their mesoderm region is completely filled with tissue, although they do still have a gut cavity.

Answer 45

acoelomates

Question 46

acoelomate animals

Answer 46

platyhelminthes

Question 47

Animals with a true coelom are called

Answer 47

eucoelomates

Question 48

arises entirely within the mesoderm germ layer and is lined by an epithelial membrane

Answer 48

true coelom

Question 49

a slightly different coelom derived partly from mesoderm and partly from endoderm, which is found between the two layers.

Answer 49

pseudocoelomate

Question 50

Is a body cavity derived from the blastocoel, rather than from mesoderm

Answer 50

pseudocoelom

Question 51

Bilaterally symmetrical, tribloblastic eucoelomates can be further divided into two groups based on differences in their

Answer 51

early embryonic development

Question 52

The word protostome comes from the Greek word meaning

Answer 52

mouth first

Question 53

deuterostome originates from the word meaning

Answer 53

mouth second

Question 54

The mouth or anus develops from a structure called

Answer 54

blastopore

Question 55

animals that are protostomes

Answer 55

platyhelminthes, annelids, mollusca, arthropoda

Question 56

animals that are deuterostomes

Answer 56

echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

Question 57

allows redundant systems and more efficient locomotion.

Answer 57

segmentation

Question 58

The body is divided into segments; internally and externally.

Answer 58

metameric segments

Question 59

Consist of subsections composed of fused segments referred to as tagmatization.

Answer 59

external segmentation

Question 60

chordata has this type of segmentation

Answer 60

internal segmentation

Question 61

The segments of the body are not formed from the embryo

Answer 61

pseudometameric segments

Question 62

Animals that lack a vertebral column (backbone)

Answer 62

invertebrates

Question 63

invertebrate animals

Answer 63

arthropoda, mollusca, annelids, cnidaria, echinodermata

Question 64

Animals that possess a vertebral column or backbone.

Answer 64

vertebrates

Question 65

Their cells are somewhat specialized but are loosely organized, with minimal division into tissues

Answer 65

parazoa

Question 66

This plan is found mostly in aquatic animals, especially organisms that attach themselves to a 1base

Answer 66

radial symmetrical animals

Question 67

Nearer the back of the animal than

Answer 67

dorsal

Question 68

Nearer the belly of the animal than

Answer 68

ventral

Question 69

Nearer to the skull than

Answer 69

anterior

Question 70

Nearer to the tail than

Answer 70

posterior

Question 71

Closer to the body than (only used for structures on limbs)

Answer 71

proximal

Question 72

Further from the body than (only used for structures on limbs)

Answer 72

distal

Question 73

Nearer to the midline than

Answer 73

medial

Question 74

Further from the midline than

Answer 74

lateral

Question 75

Towards the muzzle

Answer 75

rostral

Question 76

The "walking" surface of the front paw

Answer 76

palmar

Question 77

The "walking" surface of the hind paw

Answer 77

plantar