Animal Diversity: Lab Exam 4

Question 1

Monotremata (infraclass Prototheria) are:

Answer 1

Egg laying mammals.

Question 2

Marsupial (infraclass Metatheria) are:

Answer 2

Mammals with pouches.

Question 3

The most primitive order of mammals:

Answer 3

Didelphimorpha (Possums).

Question 4

Order Diprotodontia (marsupials):

Answer 4

Kangaroos and wallabies.

Question 5

Order Dasyuromorpha (Carnivorous marsupials):

Answer 5

Tasmanian devils, anteaters and marsupial mice.

Question 6

Order Soricomorpha (placental mammals):

Answer 6

Shrews and moles (less than 30 cm long).

Question 7

Order Chiroptera (placental mammals):

Answer 7

Bats, often divided into Microchiroptera and Macrochiroptera.

Question 8

Order Primates (placental mammals):

Answer 8

Includes monkeys and great apes (including humans).

Question 9

Order Rodentia (placental mammals):

Answer 9

Rodents; all have 4 evergrowing incisors, no canines and a varying number of molars.

Question 10

Order Cetacea (placental mammals):

Answer 10

Whales and dolphins.

Question 11

Order Carnivora (placental mammals):

Answer 11

Carnivores. All carnivores eat meat.

Question 12

True/False: Some species in the order Carnivora are omnivores.

Answer 12

True (gorillas, raccoons, and black bears all have various teeth including molars for eating different things).

Question 13

Order Artiodactyla:

Answer 13

Even-toed ungulates (deer and cows. Teeth grind plant parts down into small pieces).

Question 14

What are the diaphragm and dentary bone?

Answer 14

The diaphragm is a muscle aiding mammals in breathing; the dentary bone is a movable lower jaw.

Question 15

What are monodont and diphyodont teeth?

Answer 15

Monodont teeth all look the same, like dolphins’ teeth. Mammals that have diphyodont teeth have only two sets growing in their lifetimes.

Question 16

What are turbinate bones?

Answer 16

The bones making nasal passages more hollow for airflow.

Question 17

What are heterodont teeth?

Answer 17

“Different teeth.” Mammals that have multiple types of teeth (incisors, canines, molars).

Question 18

What is the secondary palate?

Answer 18

The roof of the mouth, only present in mammals and crocodiles.

Question 19

What are vibrissae?

Answer 19

Specialized hairs such as whiskers and bristles.

Question 20

What are pinna?

Answer 20

The visible ear; the rest is internal.

Question 21

What is the difference between antlers and horns?

Answer 21

Antlers are shed each year (deer). Horns grow for life (bison)

Question 22

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 22

The hole near the occipital lobe in the skull.

Question 23

What kind of teeth do insectivores and herbivores have?

Answer 23

Insectivores mainly have primitive teeth with a grinding surface; herbivores have more evolved grinding teeth.

Question 24

What kind of teeth do carnivores and omnivores have?

Answer 24

Carnivores have a larger number of canines, but can also be mixed with incisors and molars, especially in the case of omnivores.

Question 25

What kind of teeth do piscivores have?

Answer 25

Homodont teeth, as in the case of dolphins and often toothed whales.

Question 26

What birds are in the infraclass Paleognathae (ratites)?

Answer 26

Flightless birds like ostriches and kiwis. The rest of the birds are in the infraclass Neognathae.

Question 27

Order Anseriformes (birds):

Answer 27

Waterfowl, game birds like ducks and geese.

Question 28

Order Gaviiformes (birds):

Answer 28

Loons and other diving birds.

Question 29

Order Charadriiformes (birds):

Answer 29

Shore birds like gulls, terns and piping plovers.

Question 30

Order Pelecaniformes (birds):

Answer 30

Herons and pelicans.

Question 31

Order Accipiteriformes (birds):

Answer 31

Raptors (hawks, vultures).

Question 32

Order Passeriformes (birds):

Answer 32

Songbirds (largest bird order over 6,000 species).

Question 33

What are contour feathers?

Answer 33

Any feathers forming the outline of a bird's plumage.

Question 34

What are quills, shafts and vanes?

Answer 34

Quills are the base of the feather, the shaft is the elongated section. Vanes are the uniform windproof surfaces.

Question 35

What are the barbs, barbules and down feathers?

Answer 35

Barbs are the branches coming off the shaft of feathers. Barbules hold the barbs together, and down feathers are concealed under the contour feathers to keep birds warm.

Question 36

What kind of beak would a seed cracker have?

Answer 36

A triangular heavy beak (songbirds)

Question 37

What kind of beak would a zooplankton strainer have?

Answer 37

One designed for filtering (Northern shoveler or flamingo).

Question 38

What are some other examples of bird beaks?

Answer 38

A hawk's hooked beak for tearing meat; or a hummingbird's elongated beak for sipping nectar.

Question 39

What is characteristic about almost every bird's skeleton?

Answer 39

The keeled sternum, allowing for stronger muscles that power flight.

Question 40

Order Squamata (reptiles):

Answer 40

Snakes and lizards. All shed their skin periodically.

Question 41

Suborder Lacertilia (reptiles):

Answer 41

Lizards.

Question 42

Suborder Serpentes (reptiles):

Answer 42

Snakes.

Question 43

Order Testudines (reptiles):

Answer 43

Turtles. All turtles have shells.

Question 44

Order Sphenodonta (reptiles):

Answer 44

Tuataras; only 1 extant species living in. New Zealand. They share a median parietal "third eye" with some lizards

Question 45

Order Crocodilia (reptiles):

Answer 45

Crocodilians; have not evolved much over 200 million years.

Question 46

What are the carapace and plastron?

Answer 46

Turtles and tortoises have a carapace, the upper, dome-shaped part of the shell. The underside of the shell is the plastron.

Question 47

Class Amphibia:

Answer 47

Animals that have a "double life," living on land and water.

Question 48

Subclass Lissamphibia:

Answer 48

Smooth-skinned amphibians, leading to less structural diversity because of anatomical and physiological limitations.

Question 49

Order Urodela (amphibians):

Answer 49

Salamanders. Caudata includes the other extinct salamander-like species.

Question 50

Order Anura (amphibians):

Answer 50

Frogs.

Question 51

What is cutaneous respiration?

Answer 51

When amphibians absorb oxygen directly through their skin.

Question 52

What is the femur, and tibia/fubila?

Answer 52

The femur is the thigh bone, the tibia and fibula are the two bonds connecting the femur to the foot.

Question 53

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 53

The opening at the base of the skull where the spinal cord can attach to the brain stem.

Question 54

What is the occipital condyle?

Answer 54

The paired, bony projections at the base of the skull that attach to the vertebrae.