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NORMAL ANIMAL EXAM 1 > Animal Domes > Flashcards

Animal Domes Flashcards

Species types (66 cards)

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1
Q

Domestication

A

Animals around the house. Reproductive control by humans. Participation or people and animals with genetic change.

Exception cats: reproduce on their own

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2
Q

Domestication characteristics

A 
Diet (herbivore, omnivore) 
Growth rate (faster is better) 
Easy reproduction (
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3
Q

Characteristics of Domestication

A
  1. Diet (herbivore/omnivore)
  2. Growth rate (faster better)
  3. Reproduction (polygamy)
  4. Disposition
  5. Low panic tendency
  6. Social structure (herds, dominance pattern, no territories)
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4
Q

Exceptions of Domestication

A

Cats (diet), Geese (elaborate reproduction)

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5
Q

Changes in Domestication

A
  1. Coat/plumage color (behavior)
  2. retention of neotenic characters (remain cute)
  3. decrease in cranial capacity
  4. Increase genetic variability (i.e. novelty)
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6
Q

Transport Animals

A

Donkey/horse/bactrain camel/dromedary/llama, alpaca, yak

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7
Q

Wild Adaptation

A

Maintained and advantageous for Transport Animals

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8
Q

Why Domestication

A

70% of world depends on animals

30-40% agriculture is animal production

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9
Q

First Domesticated Animals

A

Dogs/Pigs

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10
Q

Taxonomy of Domesticated Animals

A

3-5 founder females

horses exception

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11
Q

Breed

A

group of domesticated animals, pheontypically similar enough to be grouped together. Interbreeding reproduces the parental type

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12
Q

Standardized Breed

A

breed that has an organization behind animal. Genetic isolation by design

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13
Q

Gentrification

A

removing population from original region and selecting it for uniformity outside original purpose (i.e. afghan hounds)

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14
Q

Industrial stock

A

subset of breeds selected for outstanding performance in narrow range of environment

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15
Q

Landrace

A

Genetic breed genetically isolated y default by cultural, geographic, communication factor. No organization (ADAPTATION IS KEY)

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16
Q

Feral

A

Domesticated animal returning to free-living state, subjected to natural selection.

Domesticated animals never return to status of wild animal and will always retain the smaller brain

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17
Q

General Pattern/Development

A

Domestication, then landrace or primitive breed, then standardized breed (maybe gentrification), then industrial stock.

Each step narrows genetic variability and increases predictability

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18
Q

Adapted Breed vs. Selected Breed

A

Adapted breeds is twice that of modern selected breed. i.e. small live animal > large dead animal

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19
Q

Breed Color

A

coloring will affect what is going on genetically, changing behavior (i.e. liver color in certain dog breeds)

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20
Q

Dog Domestication

A

camp following wolves, 100,000 BC in South east Asia
6 female ancestors
Key to domestication is dogs “read” people’s communication

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21
Q

Basal dog breed

A

village dog, lost genetic variation

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22
Q

Sight hound

A

Big eyes, don’t like pain,used for hunting for speed and sight
i.e. greyhound, whippet

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23
Q

Scent Hound

A

Smooth coats, bay while chasing, lop ears, hunting for smell

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24
Q

Pointer

A

bird hunting, liver color, European

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25
Retrievers
lop ears, straight tails, retrieving is obedience
26
Spaniels
pointing, retrieving, docked tails
27
Terrier
docked tail, self-destructive, aggressive, control for rats and foxes
28
Fighting
terrier offshoot, aggressive selection
29
Herding
Heeler (back and drive), header (front and turn) | continental group
30
livestock guardian
nonpredatory, dump dog, heavy and large, aggressive to novel stimuli, work independently
31
Mastiff
guarding, fighting
32
spitz
hunting, herding, fighting, drafting
33
giant dog
rescue/giant (st. Bernard)
34
Toy/Pets
Asian, spaniel, poodle, terrier
35
American
Sled dog, chihuahua, Peruvian hairless, Carolina Dog
36
Feral
generalist with tan and red short hair, curly tails, erect ears
37
Sheep
Ovis aries, Asian/Middle East, 4 female founders, 10,000 BC Milk, meat, packing, fiber, ceremonial
38
Male sheep (RAM)
domestication changed hor, tail length, shorter thicker leg, bone, fatty deposits
39
Goats
Iran/Iraq + Asia, 5 founding females, genetic changes through trade, color, twisted horns (from saber horns) Meat, milk, ceremonial, religious
40
African Dwarf Goat
Resistant to bacterial infection
41
Cattle (Bovine)
Humpless, zebus, african | Domestication occurred 4 separate times, early was ceremonial, then milk/meat/draft
42
Zebus
derived from humpless cow before domestication. Greatest diversity
43
European solid colored
best ox
44
Yak
Bos grunniens
45
Buffalo
Bubalus bubalis; Swamp and River (2 domestication events)
46
Deer
Poor domestication structure, limited to rut, become aggressive and dangerous when shedding velvet
47
Raindeer/Moose
easily domesticated
48
Swine
Antolia/Asia, 7000 BC, 7 different domestication. Curly tail disrupts wile mentality. First selected for fattiness, now for leaness or wilfeness. Local breed resemble local wild popluation Meat, fat, industry, ceremonial
49
Swine and Humans
used internationally, do not compete with humans for edible food Compete with humans in industry
50
Horse
4000 BC, pull (military, war), 77 ancestral mares, Single Stallion (mixing is early and great, but can maintain old and separate breeds)
51
Paint/Quarter Horse
Fatal White Syndrome (genetic mutation specific to quarter and paint horses)
52
Donkey (Ass)
5000 BC, for caravans, threshing grain, riding, packing, meat, milk Majority of worlds equine More tame than mule
53
Camel
3,000 to 1,000 BC, Central Asia Long lived, strong, desert adapted, Draft, meat, milk. Replace the wheel. Eat camels and horses in winter (storage of meat), ceremonial, social structure
54
One humped (dromedaries)
Only domesticated exist, stock and heavy, 4-chambered udders), only in Indus valley
55
Llama/Alpaca
4,000 to 3,000 BC, herding around 3500 BC Peru and Argentina (Llamas) - domesticated guanaco Peru (alpaca) Wool is not alpaca fiber
56
Llama/Alpaca
4,000 to 3,000 BC, herding around 3500 BC Peru and Argentina WHoo
57
Cat
genetically different than wild cat (stimulus/reward arena) separated by type, color, hair character Cats choose reproductive process (passive)
58
Ferretts
400 BC, aid in rabbit huntting
59
Rabbits
1100 AD, help feed families, breed by monks, not meat (lint)
60
Guinea Pigs
4000 to 1000 BC | Black coloring is nice
61
Bird
Nest near humans, different than mammals, increase in size
62
Chicken
Breed based on what it's used for (egg-layer, meat, cock fighting)
63
Duck
outlay chickens in eggs, meat, disease resistant
64
Turkey
standard pest control
65
Muscovy
Sterile hybrids of mallard
66
Pigeon
4500 BC, extreme domestication

NORMAL ANIMAL EXAM 1 (2 decks)

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