Animal F+F

Question 1

-animals use metabolism to maintain their body temperature
-shiver to increase, sweat/pant to decrease
-require 90% more calories than reg. sized ectotherm

Answer 1

Endothermic

Question 2

animals do not use metabolism to maintain their body temperature

Answer 2

Ectothermic

Question 3

animals allow their body temperature to fluctuate depending on the environment. (fish, change temp)

Answer 3

Poikilothermic

Question 4

animals, whether endotherms or ectotherms, maintain a constant body temperature.

Answer 4

Homeothermic

Question 5

What controls thermoregulation?

Answer 5

the nervous system, specifically the hypothalamus

Question 6

-thick fur/feathers and fat
-creates in insulating layer of air next to their skin
-vasorestriction forces blood to the core of the body so heat is not lost through the skin
-shivering is a last resort
-ectotherms seek warmer areas

Answer 6

Thermoregulation when it is cold outside

Question 7

-panting or sweating
-vasodilation brings blood (and heat) to skin, heat dissipates
-ectotherms seek cooler areas

Answer 7

Thermoregulation when it is hot outside

Question 8

What is physiology?

Answer 8

How form and function sustain life and shape responses to environmental conditions

Question 9

-provides support for the animal’s body, internal organs, and the ability to move

Answer 9

Musculoskeletal system

Question 10

Invertebrates, if they have a musculoskeletal system, have a…

Answer 10

exoskeleton

Question 11

Exoskeletons are most often made of

Answer 11

chitin or calcium carbonate

Question 12

Having an exoskeleton limits an animal’s size. To grow, these animals must..

Answer 12

molt

Question 13

-All chordate animals have
-comprised of internal bone or cartilage that supports body weight and movement
-determinante growth, do not molt

Answer 13

endoskeleton

Question 14

Which has
-greater surface area to body mass ratio than large endotherms
-lose heat faster than large endotherms
-higher BMR than large endotherms

Answer 14

small endotherms

Question 15

Digestive system-Hydrolyzes large macromolecules into their smaller components
-the digestive system works closely with the circulatory system
- not all animals have a digestive system

Answer 15

Digestive system

Question 16

-transports nutrients and gases throughout the body
- the heart is the “motor” of the circulatory system, creating the circulation of blood through blood vessels
-Not all animals have a circulatory system

Answer 16

Circulatory system

Question 17

-this system absorbs oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
-oxygen is absorbed and transported to cells throughout the body
-Works closely with the circulatory system

Answer 17

Respiratory system

Question 18

-Eliminates waste from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolic waste, and regulates blood pH
-Kidneys, bladder, urethra

Answer 18

Urinary system

Question 19

-Coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body
-Processes sensory information from both outside and inside the body
-brain, nerves

Answer 19

Nervous system

Question 20

-Is considered part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interception
-sight, sound, smell, taste, touch

Answer 20

Sensory system

Question 21

Fish

Answer 21

Poikilothermic ectotherm

Question 22

Rabbit

Answer 22

Homeothermic endotherm

Question 23

Alligator

Answer 23

Homeothermic ectotherm

Question 24

Bat

Answer 24

Poikilothermic endothermic

Question 25

Compared to a smaller cell, a larger cell…

Answer 25

has more surface area per volume.

Question 26

What describes negative feedback?

Answer 26

A process that reverses current body physiological conditions.

Question 27

Homeobox (Hox) Genes in Animals

Answer 27

• determine animal body plan
  -“master control genes”
  -homologous in all animals (except Ctenophora & Porifera)

Question 28

Hox genes have undergone…

Answer 28

2-4 duplication events, the aditional genes allow for more and more complex body types

Question 29

Which two species do not have Hox genes?

Answer 29

Ctenophora and Porifera

Question 30

-two germ layers
-ectoderm
-endoderm
-Asymmetrical and radial symmetrical animals

Answer 30

Diploblastic

Question 31

-Three germ layers
-ectoderm
-endoderm
-mesoderm
-Bilaterally symmetrical animals

Answer 31

Triploblastic

Question 32

What is a coelom?

Answer 32

An internal body cavity derived from mesoderm tissue
-provides cushioning to internal organs
-allows for body flexibility

Question 33

Triploblasts that do NOT have a coelom are called
-their mesoderm region is completely filled with tissue

Answer 33

acoelomates
-ex. platyhelminthes(flatworms)

Question 34

Triploblasts that have a coelom that is completely surrounded by mesoderm tissue are called

Answer 34

eucoelomates
-ex. echinoderms (starfish) and chordates (animals with a backbone)

Question 35

Triploblasts that have a coelom that is lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm are called

Answer 35

pseudocoelomates
-ex. nematoda (roundworms)

Question 36

The blastopore becomes the mouth
-this is more primitive
-arthropods, mollusks, annelids

Answer 36

Protostomes
-Platyhelminthes is a protosome but only has one opening

Question 37

The blastopore becomes the anus
-this is a novel, autapomorphic trait
-chordates and even echinoderms

Answer 37

Deuterostomes

Question 38

-Aquatic, sessile, filter feeders

Answer 38

asymmetrical body plan

Question 39

-Aquatic but often motile, and filter feeders or actively search for food
-able to receive environmental information from all directions
-no cephalization

Answer 39

radial body plan

Question 40

-all vertabrates
-have cephalization (forward/backward)
-motile and active search for food
-has an anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral side

Answer 40

bilateral body plan