Animal Feed Flashcards
(53 cards)
Animal feeds contain which nutrient components
Animal feeds contain nutrient components which are;
1. Water
2. Carbohydrates (Sugars, starch, cellulose and lignin)
3. Proteins
4. Fats and oils
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals
Reasons why animals need nutrients?
➢ Healthy growth
➢ Reproduction
➢ Production
Factors influencing water requirements in animals
➢ Climate
➢ Moisture content of the feed
➢ Amount of feed consumed
➢ Composition of the feed
Functions of water in animal production and growth
➢ Elimination of waste material
➢ Control body temperature
➢ Prevent constipation
➢ Aids in lubrication
The difference between simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates
➢ Easily to digest
➢ Monosaccharide or Disaccharide
➢ Sources of simple carbohydrates are; Oats, Maize, Wheat and Sorghum.
Complex carbohydrates
➢ Difficult to digest
➢ Polysaccharide
➢ Examples include starches and fibre
Fibre
is a complex carbohydrate that is difficult to digest
Where does fibre originate from?
originates from plant origin, e.g. cellulose and lignin
Functions of carbohydrates in animal production and growth
➢ Source of energy
➢ Fattening of farm animals
➢ Stored in the liver in the form of glycogen
➢ Fibre is necessary for excretion of waste
➢ Fibre regulates glucose level in the blood
What are ruminants able to synthesize under proteins?
can synthesise protein from non-protein nitrogen source such as urea by microbial fermentation in the rumen.
Which animals need more proteins in their feeds
Young and lactating cows
Sources of proteins
• Soybean meal
• Cottonseed meal
• Fish meal
• Legume hay
Functions of proteins in animal production and growth
➢ Source of energy
➢ Repair body tissues
➢ Act as anti-bodies
Which components of feed are insoluble in water
Fats and oils
Difference between Fats and oils
Fats:
➢ Obtained from animal products
➢ Solid at room temperature
➢ Saturated
➢ Contain more energy
Oils:
Obtained from plant products
Liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated
Contain less energy
Functions of fats and oils in animal production and growth
➢ Source of energy
➢ Insulate internal organs
➢ Play a role in palatability of feeds ➢ Contributes to milk production
End products of components of feed
➢ Carbohydrates – Glucose ➢ Proteins – Amino acids ➢ Fats – Fatty acids and glycerol
Minerals
are inorganic elements needed in small quantities for important functions in the animal’s body.
Mineral deficiency
is the shortage of required amount of mineral in the body.
Macro-elements
are minerals that are required in large quantities.
What are the most important macro-elements for ruminants
calcium and phosphorus.
The ratio between calcium and phosphorus should be 2:1
What does am imbalance of calcium and phosphorus lead to?
An imbalance can lead to infertility
Trace elements
are minerals that are required in small quantities but very important for good health.
Where does deficiencies of trace-elements occur
Deficiencies of trace-elements seldom occur in animals that feed on pastures.
Vitamins
are organic substances that are needed in small quantities for important functions in the animal’s body
