Animal Form and Function

Question 1

What do you call rapid zygote cell division

Answer 1

Cleavage

Question 2

A hollow ball of cells created from Cleavage

Answer 2

Blastula

Question 3

Inner cavity of blastula

Answer 3

Blastocoel

Question 4

Process of Blastula invagination, folding inwards towards itself to crate different layers of embryo tissue.

Answer 4

Gastrulation

Question 5

Pouch formed from gastrulation

Answer 5

Archenteron

Question 6

Hole that connects the archenteron outside

Answer 6

Blastophore

Question 7

Sexually immature and looks diff from adult

Answer 7

Larva

Question 8

Sexually immature but looks kinda like adult form

Answer 8

Juvenile

Question 9

This record reveals changes in the history of life on Earth.

Answer 9

Fossil Record

Question 10

Method to determine the absolute age of fossils

Answer 10

Radiometric Dating

Question 11

What is Radiometric Dating

Answer 11

By measuring how much parent and daughter isotopes are present in a sample, scientists can calculate how many half-lives have passed and, from that, determine the age of the fossil.

Question 12

What eons are there in the Geologic Record

Answer 12

1. Hadean
2. Archaean
3. Proterozoic
4. Phanerozoic

Question 13

Name the three eras within the Phanerozoic eon.

Answer 13

1. Paleozoic
2. Mesozoic
3. Cenozoic

Question 14

Earth’s first organisms other than bacteria

Answer 14

Stromatolites, 1.5 billion years ago

Question 15

Closest living relatives to animals

Answer 15

Choanoflagellates

Question 16

Oldest known fossils of multicellular eukaryotes.

Answer 16

Ediacaran Biota

Question 17

The event that marks the earliest BILATERAL Fossils. Sudden appearance of fossils that resemble modern animals.

Answer 17

Cambrian Explosion

Question 18

Which era was the Cambrian Explosion

Answer 18

Paleozoic (under Phanerozoic)

Question 19

This era is known as the age of dinosours

Answer 19

Mesozoic era

Question 20

In what era did the dinosaurs and many other species go extinct?

Answer 20

Cenozoic era

Question 21

How many mass extinctions have occurred?

Answer 21

5

Question 22

Morphological and developmental traits that make it easy to distinguish animals from each other.

Answer 22

Body Plan

Question 23

What are the 3 Symmetry types

Answer 23

1. Spherical
2. Radial
3. Bilateral

Question 24

What are the 3 germ layers developed during gastrulation

Answer 24

1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

Question 25

What is ectoderm?

Answer 25

The skin/surface of the embryo

Question 26

What is mesoderm?

Answer 26

It develops into the muscles and red blood cells

Question 27

What is endoderm?

Answer 27

Inner stomach/archenteron of the embryo

Question 28

Space that holds and protects the organs

Answer 28

Body Cavity

Question 29

Open space body cavity that has mesoderm lining on both the ectoderm and endoderm.

Answer 29

Coelomates

Question 30

Body cavity in which the mesoderm only has lining along the outer ectoderm

Answer 30

Pseudocoelomates

Question 31

Lacking a body cavity, in which space is just filled with mesoderm.

Answer 31

Acoelomate

Question 32

What are the two categories of animals that a blastula can develop into

Answer 32

Protostome and Deuterostome

Question 33

The animals where the blastophore develops into the mouth.

Answer 33

Protostomes (mollusks, annelids)

Question 34

The animals where the blastophore develops into the asshole.

Answer 34

Deuterostomes (you and me, all chordates)

Question 35

What are the three clades of Biletaria

Answer 35

Deuterostomia Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa

Question 36

Animals part of Deuterostomia

Answer 36

Hemichordates Chordates Echinoderms

Question 37

Defining feature of Ecdysozoa

Answer 37

Animals here molt their skin/outer exoskeleton with a process called *ecydsis*

Question 38

Defining feature of Lophotrochozoa

Answer 38

It contains Lophophore, which is a feeding structure. Goes thru larval stage known as *Trochophore Larva*