Animal Form and Function: Pig Dissection

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

toward an animal’s head and away from the tail; opposite of posterior

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

toward an animal’s tail and away from its head; opposite of anterior

Question 3

Dorsal

Answer 3

toward an animal’s back and away from its belly; opposite of ventral

Question 4

Ventral

Answer 4

toward an animal’s belly and away from its back; opposite of dorsal

Question 5

Lateral

Answer 5

outer part of the body, part that is away from the center of something/body

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

situated near the median plane of the body or midline of an organ; opposite of lateral

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

situated near the center of body or point of attachment; opposite of distal

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

situated away from the center of the body or from point of attachment; opposite of proximal

Question 9

Superficial

Answer 9

situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it

Question 10

Deep

Answer 10

extending far down from the top or surface

Question 11

How do you determine if the fetal pig is male or female?

Answer 11

the male has a urogential opening caudal to umbilical cord, scrotal sac

the female has a urogential opening below tail base, only females have urogential papilla

Question 12

Where are the sensory papillae found? Describe the funtion

Answer 12

sensory papillar are on ventral surface, they are used for feeding young for female

Question 13

How can you tell the small intestine and large intestine apart? Describe the function of each

Answer 13

the small intestine is much larger than the large intestine; the small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients; the large intestine absorbs water and vitamins, preps undigested material as feces, and holds lots of symbiotic bacteria

Question 14

Where is the epiglottis found? What is its function?

Answer 14

it is the flap of tissue at the rear of the pharynx; it covers the trachea to prevent food entry into lungs

Question 15

Where would you look to observe a pig gallbladder? What is its function?

Answer 15

you would look closer to the anterior, deep into the skin/body; it provides short term storage for bile (it is signaled to release later)

Question 16

What structure increases the surface area of the stomach?

Answer 16

rugae(ridges)

Question 17

What structure controls the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?

Answer 17

pyloric sphincter

Question 18

What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 18

the diaphragm, a sheet-like muscle

Question 19

What is the function of the spleen? Is it a digestive organ?

Answer 19

it is NOT a digestive organ, it’s an immune system organ that fights infection and breaks down expired red blood cells

Question 20

Describe/Compare the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 20

the exocrine function produces enzymes used to chemically digest food; the endocrine function produces hormones (insulin and glucagon) that control glucose level in blood

Question 21

List the three regions of the kidney

Answer 21

the outer cortex, middle medulla, and inner-most renal pelvis

Question 22

Describe the difference between the renal artery and the renal vein

Answer 22

the renal artery carries FILTERED blood from kidney to the posterior vena cava

the renal vein carries UNFILTERED blood from aorta to kidneys

Question 23

Describe the function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Answer 23

the ureter provides passage to storage in urinary bladder; the urinary bladder provides storage for urine; the urethra provides an exit for urine from the urinary bladder

Question 24

List the functions of the circulatory system

Answer 24

transporation( nutrients, gases, wastes, hormones) and homeostasis( in body fluid, body temperature, immune system channels that protect body)

Question 25

Describe the location and function of the coronary artery

Answer 25

on ventral surface of the heart; provides oxygen and nutrient rich blood to ventral portion of heart

Question 26

What structure separates the right and left ventricles? Why is separation important?

Answer 26

the septum: it keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate

Question 27

What is the function of the heart valves? List and desribe the location of each

Answer 27

it provides one way blood flow through the heart chambers

the right atrium is above the right ventricle

the left atrium is above the left ventricle

the left ventricle is below and to the right of the coronary artery, below the left atrium

the right ventricle is above and left of the coronary artery, below the right atrium

Question 28

Describe specifically where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

Answer 28

across a large, moist exchange epithelium surface composed of alveoli

Question 29

Describe the function of the thalamus

Answer 29

it is the processing center from the brain stem and spinal cord; it aids communication between cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 30

Describe the role of the diaphragm in breathing

Answer 30

a sheet of skeletal muscle that contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity(creating pressure for air intake/flow inside), relaxes muscle to decrease area in thoracic cavity and push air out