Animal Form, Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora

Question 1

Anamalia (Metazoa)

Answer 1

chemoheterotroph, multicellular

Question 2

Metazoa Reproduction

Answer 2

mostly sexual, diploid phase dominant

Question 3

Describe the 8 cell stage

Answer 3

zygote -> 8 cell stage -> Blastula -> Gastrula

Question 4

Choanoflagellate

Answer 4

closest protist to animals
*similarity to choanocytes in sponges

Question 5

When did animals evolve

Answer 5

750 mya

Question 6

When was the colonization of land?

Answer 6

450 mya

Question 7

Conserved Traits

Answer 7

seen in ALL animals being considered

Question 8

Nonconserved Traits

Answer 8

NOT seen in ALL animals bring considered

Question 9

Gastrulation

Answer 9

“conserved trait” except sponges

Question 10

Symmetry: Radial

Answer 10

circular

Question 11

Symmetry: Bilateral

Answer 11

head-end

Question 12

Ectoderm

Answer 12

skin, parts of nervous system

Question 13

Mesoderm

Answer 13

skeletal muscles, bones/cartilage

Question 14

Endoderm

Answer 14

internal organs

Question 15

Triploblastic

Answer 15

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 16

Diploblastic

Answer 16

only Endoderm and Ectoderm

Question 17

Protosome 8 Cell Stage

Answer 17

spiral, determinate (can’t divide)

Question 18

Deuterostome 8 Cell Stage

Answer 18

radial, indeterminate (can divide into 8 identical cells and survive)

Question 19

Protosome Formation of Coelom

Answer 19

splitting of mesoderm

Question 20

Deuterostome Formation of Coelom

Answer 20

budding of mesoderm

Question 21

Protosome Fate of Blastopore

Answer 21

develops into mouth

Question 22

Deuterostome Fate of Blastopore

Answer 22

develops into anus

Question 23

Acoelomate

Answer 23

no body cavity
Ex. Jellyfish

Question 24

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 24

body cavity, bordered by mesoderm and endoderm
Ex. roundworm

Question 25

Coelomate

Answer 25

“true coelom” body cavity surrounded completely by mesoderm Ex. Earthworm

Question 26

Phylum Porifera

Answer 26

Sponges, most primitive animals

Question 27

Choanocytes

Answer 27

feeding cells, look similar to choanoflagellates phylum porifera

Question 28

spongocoel

Answer 28

open area (middle) phylum porifera

Question 29

osculum

Answer 29

hole at the top phylum porifera

Question 30

spicules

Answer 30

hard support structures, made of glass (silica) or calcium carbonate phylum porifera

Question 31

Sponge Symmetry

Answer 31

radial or asymmetric *no gastrulation (no true tissues)

Question 32

Phylum Porifera Body Forms

Answer 32

Asconoid Syconoid (radial canals) Leuconoid (no spongocoel)

Question 33

Hexactellida

Answer 33

glass spicules, multiples of 6

Question 34

Demospongiae

Answer 34

glass spicules, multiples of 2

Question 35

Calcarea

Answer 35

calcium carbonate spicules

Question 36

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 36

anemones, corals, jellies lifecycle alternates between a medusa (jellyfish) and a polyp

Question 37

Gastrulation

Answer 37

true tissues

Question 38

Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics

Answer 38

gastrulation, diploblastic, acoelomate, closed gut, nematocysts

Question 39

Gastrovascular Cavity (GVC)

Answer 39

closed gut (1 opening)

Question 40

Nematocysts

Answer 40

stinging cells

Question 41

Class Hydrozoa

Answer 41

polyp dominant Ex: man-o-war

Question 42

Class Scyphozoa

Answer 42

jellyfish, medusa dominant

Question 43

Class Cubozoa

Answer 43

Boxjellies, seawasp

Question 44

Class Anthozoa

Answer 44

corals (colonial), anemones (solitary)

Question 45

Phylum Ctenophora

Answer 45

no nematocysts, feed with 8 rows of cilia “comb rows”