Animal Handling Final

Question 1

4 methods of urine collection

Answer 1

Free catch, manual expression, cystocentesis, urinary catheterization

Question 2

Reasons to perform urinalysis

Answer 2

To check for the presence of a UTI, diabetes, kidney disease, cystitis, neoplasia, liver disease, crystalluria

Question 3

4 components of a urinalysis

Answer 3

Gross exam, specific gravity, chemical evaluation (reagent strip), microscopic exam

Question 4

Why do we have to refrigerate urine?

Answer 4

Prevent artifacts and degeneration

Question 5

Reasons to perform fecal testing

Answer 5

Confirm presence of parasite ova, determine parasite load, check for blood/mucous

Question 6

Fecal collection method

Answer 6

Owner collects sample, manual collection - fecal loop

Question 7

3 components of fecal analysis

Answer 7

Gross exam, direct smear, fecal flotation

Question 8

Reasons to evaluate blood smears

Answer 8

Perform WBC differential, estimate platelet numbers, evaluate cellular morphology, evaluate cellular abnormalities, quality control of analyzing equipment, looking for parasites

Question 9

Reasons to perform cytology

Answer 9

Rapid diagnostic information, differentiates neoplasia from inflammation, indicates if further procedures are required

Question 10

Ways to collect cytology samples

Answer 10

Swabs, scrapings, impressions, FNA, biopsy, centesis

Question 11

How long should a refrigerated urine sample be allowed to sit at room temperature before analyzing?

Answer 11

20 minutes

Question 12

What urinalysis result may be affected by refrigeration?

Answer 12

Specific gravity

Question 13

​What are 4 things that can happen to urine samples that are left out for an extended period prior to analysis?

Answer 13

1. Decreased glucose and bilirubin concentrations​
2. Increased pH ​
3. Breakdown of RBCs and casts ​
4. Bacteria growth increases

Question 14

What is the downside of collecting a free catch urine sample?

Answer 14

It has the most potential for contamination from external factors

Question 15

What colour is normal urine?

Answer 15

Light yellow to amber in color

Question 16

What are some colour abnormalities of urine and what do they mean?

Answer 16

Pale-Clear: decreased concentration​

Dark yellow: oliguria – low urine output​

Brown: bile pigment​, myoglobin

Red/Brown: hematuria​

Orange: tetracycline, other drugs​

Green: bacteria​

Question 17

What species have normally cloudy urine due to the presence of crystals?

Answer 17

Horses and rabbits

Question 18

What does a gross analysis of urine consist of?

Answer 18

Obtaining and recording the colour​, clarity​, and smell​

Question 19

Definition of pollakiuria

Answer 19

Frequent urination

Question 20

Definition of polyuria

Answer 20

Increased production of urine

Question 21

Definition of polydipsia

Answer 21

Increased water intake

Question 22

Definition of oliguria

Answer 22

Decreased urine output

Question 23

Definition of anuria

Answer 23

Absence of urine production

Question 24

What are 3 causes of anuria?

Answer 24

Urethral obstruction​, urinary bladder rupture, renal shutdown​

​

Question 25

When should urine be tested after collection?

Answer 25

30 min-1 hour

Question 26

What is used to evaluate chemical constituents of urine?

Answer 26

Reagent strip

Question 27

What PPE is needed most importantly when handling lab samples?

Answer 27

Gloves

Question 28

The order of staining blood smears is as follows

Answer 28

Fixative, eosin, methylene blue, rinse

Question 29

What angle should we hold the spreader slide when preparing a blood smear?

Answer 29

30 degrees

Question 30

What angle should we hold the spreader slide if preparing a sample of thick blood?

Answer 30

20 degrees

Question 31

What angle should we hold the spreader slide if preparing a sample of thin blood?

Answer 31

45 degrees

Question 32

Which procedure involves obtaining a sample with a dull scalpel blade and placing it on a microscope slide?

Answer 32

Scraping

Question 33

True or false: Blood smears need to be dried quickly before staining.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or false: We need to use immersion oil to view ectoparasites on a slide.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

How do we need to collect a urine sample for a culture and sensitivity?

Answer 35

Cystocentesis

Question 36

The study of cells

Answer 36

Cytology

Question 37

What technique do we use to collect cells from a mass?

Answer 37

Fine needle aspirate (FNA)

Question 38

True or false: Blood smears need to be evaluated as part of the complete blood count.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Why should we dry a blood smear immediately after making it?

Answer 39

To prevent dust particles from sticking to it and avoid cell distortion

Question 40

True or false: If understained, cells will appear to be too dark

Answer 40

False

Question 41

True or false: Microfilaria can be picked up on a blood smear

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What are 3 things we need to do with samples that are dropped off and can't be tested immediately?

Answer 42

Labeled, put in refrigerator, notify tech/write on white board

Question 43

True or false: Unstained blood smears should be stored in the refrigerator

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Proper technique of a blood smear will result in what shape?

Answer 44

Thumb-print

Question 45

True or false: Blood smears need to be stained before microscopic evaluation

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True or false: Ear swab samples do not need to be heat fixed before staining

Answer 46

False

Question 47

The 3 regions of a blood smear

Answer 47

Body, monolayer (counting area), feathered edge