Animal Nutrition

Question 1

define animal nutrition

Answer 1

it’s the process by which food is taken in for make use in different body functions

Question 2

give examples for heterotrophs

Answer 2

animals
fungi
majority of bacteria

Question 3

define heterotrophic nutrion

Answer 3

the process by which organisms obtain organic food molecules by ingesting other organisms or by substances derives from other organisms

Question 4

2 types of heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 4

1. Holozoic nutrition
2. Symbiosis

Question 5

Define holozoic nutrition

Answer 5

Animals ingesting food into their alimentary canal is holozoic nutrition

Question 6

5 stages of holozoic nutrition

Answer 6

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion / Elimination

Question 7

Describe ingestion

Answer 7

• Ingestion is the first stage where the act of eating/feeding happens
• Food sources differ among animal species and they possess different modes of ingestion according to diet and environment

Question 8

Define ingestion

Answer 8

Ingestion is the first stage where the act of eating/feeding happens

Question 9

How do modes of ingestion differ?

Answer 9

according to diet and environment

Question 10

Describe digestion

Answer 10

• digestion is when food is broken down into molecules small enough to pass through the membranes and enter cells of organisms
• Digestion could occur mechanically (by teeth/ muscle contractions) and chemically (by enzymes)
• During mechanical digestion, food is broken down into smaller fragments and thus increase surface area for efficient chemical digestion
• During chemical digestion enzymes break bonds in large molecules to small molecules

Question 11

define digestion

Answer 11

digestion is when food is broken down into molecules small enough to pass through the membranes and enter cells of organisms

Question 12

2 types of digestion

Answer 12

mechanically (by teeth/ muscle contractions) and chemically (by enzymes)

Question 13

describe mechanical digestion briefly

Answer 13

During mechanical digestion, food is broken down into smaller fragments and thus increase surface area for efficient chemical digestion

Question 14

describe chemical digestion briefly

Answer 14

During chemical digestion enzymes break bonds in large molecules to small molecules

Question 15

define absorption

Answer 15

• in this stage, animal cells take up small molecules (simple sugars, amino acids)

Question 16

define assimilation

Answer 16

assimilation is the process of utilization of absorbed nutrients for various body functions

Question 17

define elimination

Answer 17

elimination is when undigested food materials are passed out of the alimentary canal

Question 18

what are the feeding mechanisms of animals?

Answer 18

1. fluid feeders
2. filter feeders
3. substrate feeders
4. bulk feeders

Question 19

define filter feeding

Answer 19

they strain suspended food particles from the surrounding watery medium

Question 20

what mechanisms are used for filter feeding

Answer 20

capturing, trapping, etc

Question 21

give examples for filter feeding

Answer 21

1. oysters and clams

feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills

cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film

2. whales

filter feeding of baleen whales

Question 22

describe the filter feeding of oysters and clams

Answer 22

feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills

cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film

Question 23

Describe filter feeding

Answer 23

• they strain suspended food particles from surrounding watery medium
• they use several mechanisms such as capturing, trapping, etc

ex:
1. oysters and clams

feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills

cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film

2. whales

filter feeding of baleen whales

Question 24

describe fluid feeders

Answer 24

• fluid feeders suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host using well adapted mouth parts

ex:
mosquitoes: suck human blood
aphids: suck phloem sap of plants
bees & humming birds: suck honey from flowers

Question 25

define fluid feeders

Answer 25

fluid feeders suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host using well adapted mouth parts

Question 26

give examples for fluid feeders

Answer 26

mosquitoes: suck human blood
aphids: suck phloem sap of plants
bees & humming birds: suck honey from flowers