Animal Physio Lec6

Question 1

Types of muscle tissue ( under voluntary control)

Answer 1

Skeletal Muscles -> Muscular System

Question 2

Types of muscle tissue (Under involuntary control)

Answer 2

Cardiac Muscle -> Heart Wall
Smooth Muscle -> Visceral Organs

Question 3

Skeletal muscles attach to bones directly or indirectly

Answer 3

Insertion vs origin

Question 4

Perform five function (Muscle tissue)

Answer 4

1.Produce movement of skeleton
2.Maintain posture and body position
3.Support soft tissues
4.Guard entrances and exits
5.Maintain body temperature

Question 5

Fibrous covering of whole muscle

Answer 5

Epimysium

Question 6

Fibrous covering of fascicle

Answer 6

Perimysium

Question 7

Fibrous covering a single cell (muscle fiber)

Answer 7

Endomysium

Question 8

Tendons is also known as

Answer 8

Aponeurosis

Question 9

Muscle cell membrane

Answer 9

Sarcolemma

Question 10

Muscle cell cytoplasm

Answer 10

Sarcoplasm

Question 11

Similar to smooth ER

Answer 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Question 12

Infoldings of the surface membrane of a muscle fiber

Answer 12

Transverse Tubules (T Tubules)

Question 13

Contraction organelle

Answer 13

Myofibrils (myocyte)

Question 14

Contractile unit of the muscle fiber (myocyte)

Answer 14

Sacromeres

Question 15

Repeating structural unit of the myofibril

Answer 15

Sacromere

Question 16

Components of Sacromere

Answer 16

-Myofilaments
-Z (Zwischensheibe) lines
-M (Mittelsheibe) lines

Question 17

Myofilaments (Thin filaments)

Answer 17

Mostly actin

Question 18

Myofilaments (thick filaments)

Answer 18

Mostly myosin

Question 19

Threadlike structures that comprise the myofibril inside the muscle fiber

Answer 19

Myofilaments

Question 20

-Protein consisting of two identical subunits
shaped like a golfclub
-Tail ends are intertwined around each other with
the two globular heads projecting out at an end
-These heads are the cross bridges between the
thick and thin filaments

Answer 20

Myosin

Question 21

These heads (myosin) are the cross bridges between the
thick and thin filaments with the following
functions:

Answer 21

-An actin binding site
-A myosin ATPase site

Question 22

Thin filaments are composed of:

Answer 22

-Actin
-Tropomyosin
-Troponin

Question 23

molecules are spherical in shape with a
special binding site for attachment with a myosin
cross bridge

Answer 23

Actin

Question 24

are threadlike proteins that lie end-to- end alongside the grove of the actin spiral

Answer 24

Tropomyosin

Question 25

is a protein complex consisting of three polypeptide units (one that binds to tropomyosin, one that binds to actin and a third that binds with Ca2

Answer 25

Troponin

Question 26

(Sliding filament mechanism) - Thin filaments on each side of a sarcomere slide inward over the stationary thick filaments towards the ______ center

Answer 26

A band

Question 27

(Sliding filament mechanism) -________ are pulled together so the sarcomere shortens

Answer 27

Z lines

Question 28

______ becomes smaller, ________ decreases in width, _________ width remains unchanged

Answer 28

H zone, I bands, A band

Question 29

Steps in neuromuscular transmission

Answer 29

a. Motor neuro action potential b. Acetycholine release and binding c. Action potential in sarcolemma d. T tubule action potential e. Calcium release from SR

Question 30

The neuromuscular junction

Answer 30

a. Synaptic terminal (i. acetylcholine release) b. Synaptic cleft c. Motor end plate (acetylcholine receptor, ace. binding, acetylcholinesterase/ acetylcholine removal)

Question 31

Excitation – Contraction Coupling

Answer 31

- the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to a mechanical response - transduction between the action potential generated in the sarcolemma and the start of a muscle contraction

Question 32

Overview of the steps of muscle contraction

Answer 32

1. Arrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal. 2. Release of acetylcholine. - Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse with the neuronal membrane and dump their content into the synaptic cleft. 3. Ach binding at the motor and plate -The binding of ACh to the receptor increases the membrane permeability to sodium ions. Na+ then rush into the cell. 4. Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma. - An action potential across the surface of the sarcolemma. While this occurs, AChE removes the ACh.

Question 33

Sliding Filament Theory