Animal production

Question 1

What is agriculture

Answer 1

Economic activity where the output must be greater than the resources used in the production
Must be Physically, Biologically, and socio-economically sustainable

Question 2

Who is involved in agriculture

Answer 2

Livestock producers 
Food processors
Food consumers
Scientists
Economists
Government

Question 3

Purpose of agriculture

Answer 3

Satisfying individual and national needs

• security
• export for exchange
• import saving

Question 4

What is agricultural land

Answer 4

Total land area - area under inland water

Agriculture area: arable land + permanent crops + permanent pasture

Question 5

Arable land

Answer 5

Land under temporary crops, meadow/ pasture, temporary fallow, and market garden land

Question 6

Permanent crops

Answer 6

Land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and do not need to be replanted every year

Question 7

Models in agriculture

Answer 7

Characterize a systems behaviour
Essential tool
Generates knowledge and assists in problem solving

Question 8

Efficiency ratio

Answer 8

Efficiency ratio = Output/Input

Relationship between inputs and outputs

Question 9

Tools for adaptation in agriculture

Answer 9

Move beyond the status quo
More than surviving change
Enhance resilience or adaptive capacity
Development of science based policy

Question 10

Livestock terms

Answer 10

Bovine: Beef
Porcine: Swine
Ovine: Sheep
Equine: Horses
Caprine: Goats
Avine: Birds

Question 11

Monogastrics

Answer 11

One stomach

Pigs, chickens, horses

Question 12

Ruminants

Answer 12

4 stomachs

Cattle, Bison, Sheep, Goats

Question 13

Cattle

Answer 13

Mature, uncastrated male = Bull
Immature male = bull calf
Castrated male = steer
Mature female = cow
Immature female = heifer
Newborn = calf
Group = herd

Question 14

Sheep

Answer 14

Mature, uncastrated male = ram
Immature male = ram lamb
Castrated male wether 
Mature female = Ewe
Immature female = Ewe lamb
Newborn = Lamb
Group = flock

Question 15

Goats

Answer 15

Mature, uncastrated male = Buck (billy)
Immature male = Buck kid
Castrated male = wether
Mature female = Doe (nanny)
Immature female = Doe (kid)
Newborn = kid
Group = band

Question 16

Swine

Answer 16

Mature, uncastrated male = Boar
Immature male = Shoat
Castrated male = Barrow
Mature female = sow
Immature female = gilt
Newborn = piglet
Group = drove

Question 17

Chicken

Answer 17

Mature, uncastrated male = rooster
Immature male = cockerel 
Castrated male = capon
Mature female = Hen (>19 weeks)
Immature female = pullet 
Newborn = chick
Group = flock

Question 18

Horses

Answer 18

Mature, uncastrated male = Stallion
Immature male = colt
Castrated male = gelding
Mature female = Mare
Immature female = filly
Newborn = foal
Group = Herd

Question 19

Colostrum

Answer 19

First milk produced after the birth of an offspring, Rich in antibodies

Question 20

Weaning

Answer 20

Remove offspring from dam and prevent nursing

Question 21

Disbudding or dehorning

Answer 21

Removal of horns in cattle soon after birth

Question 22

Molt

Answer 22

Process where once a year hens stop laying and shed feathers

Question 23

Cull animals

Answer 23

Animals removed from the heard because of...
Reproductive issues
Lameness
Disease
Temperament 
Low production
Herd rejuvenation

Question 24

Replacement animals

Answer 24

Animals produced to replace culled animals from the herd

Commonly for replacement of female breeding stock

Question 25

Who sets the Codes of practice for care and handling of farm animals

Answer 25

The National Farm Animal Care Council

Question 26

At what age do heifers reach maturity

Answer 26

Heifers calf at 2 years of age (first bred at 15 months)

Question 27

How often does a beef cow birth a calf

Answer 27

One birth every 12 months for 5-7 years

Question 28

What is supply management

Answer 28

Supply management is a system where farmers have a milk quota to ensure production matches the consumers needs

Question 29

How often does a dairy cow birth a calf

Answer 29

First calf at 2 years of age and once every 12 months after for 3-5 years Calves are removed within 24 hours of birth and kept on milk for 5 weeks

Question 30

Sheep offspring

Answer 30

Puberty is 5-12 months Can have 1-5 offspring Bred in fall (Canada)

Question 31

End products of sheep production

Answer 31

Meat Wool Milk

Question 32

Goat offspring

Answer 32

Puberty at 4-10 months | 1-3 offspring

Question 33

Goat end products

Answer 33

Meat Milk Pets Mohair

Question 34

When do chickens start laying eggs

Answer 34

19 weeks

Question 35

How long do chickens take to reach market weight

Answer 35

4-8 weeks

Question 36

Pig offspring

Answer 36

First bred at 8 months First litter at 13 months 10-12 piglets per litter

Question 37

Livestock housing requirements

Answer 37

Meet the animals needs Provide for collection of high quality products Safe handling of manure

Question 38

Why is AI less common in pig production

Answer 38

Pig semen cannot be frozen and therefor must be used within 3 days