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Animal Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Name important nutrients

A

Water, carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals

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2
Q

Whats the most important nutrient?

A

Water

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3
Q

What is water necessary for?

A

Digestion, carrying nutrients/waste, thermoregulation, and joint lubrication

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4
Q

What do carbohydrates serve as?

A

An immediate, short-lived energy source.

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5
Q

Where do animals obtain carbohydrates from?

A

Plants

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6
Q

What are carbohydrates the primary energy source for?

A

Growth and production/performance

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7
Q

Classify carbohydrates in 3 ways

A

Simple sugars, starch, and fiber

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8
Q

List the chemical compositions of simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

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9
Q

List the chemical compositions of starch

A

Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides

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10
Q

What pancreatic enzyme does starch need for digestion

A

Amylase

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11
Q

What bond links starches

A

Alpha-glyosidic

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12
Q

List the chemical compositions of fiber

A

Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides

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13
Q

What does fiber need for digestion? Its made from microbes (bacteria)

A

A microbial enzyme

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14
Q

What bonds link fiber

A

Beta-glycosidic

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15
Q

What does fiber digestion from microbes produce?

A

Volatile fatty acids

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16
Q

Purpose of Fats/Lipids?

A

Long lasting energy source, fatty acids, improves taste and palatability

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17
Q

What do fats provide?

A

Concentrated, long lasting sources of energy.

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18
Q

Types of fatty acids

A

Saturated and unsaturated

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19
Q

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A

Saturated are straight, unsaturated are bent by the double bond

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20
Q

What is protein required for

A

Growth and repair

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21
Q

What is proteins relationship with amino acids

A

Provides amino acids and is composed of amino acids

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22
Q

What does protein do?

A

Protein helps break down food, communicate with other cells, and moves blood

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23
Q

Why do younger animals need more protein?

A

To grow more

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24
Q

What types of vitamins are there

A

Water soluble and fat soluble

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25
Which vitamins are fat soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
26
What vitamins are water soluble
Vitamin C and B complex
27
What types of minerals are there
Macrominerals and microminerals
28
What are minerals required for?
Growth and metabolism
29
How much quantity are macro and micro minerals needed?
Macro is needed in large amounts, micro is needed in trace amounts
30
Definition of digestion
breakdown of larger food particles for absorption
31
Types of digestion:
Mechanical, chemical/enzymatic, and microbial
32
Monogastric definition
Digestion happens in stomach
33
Ruminant (foregut) definition
digestions happens before stomach
34
Post-gastric (hindgut) definition
digestion after stomach
35
Mechanical digestion definition
physical breakdown of food particles
36
Chemical digestion definition
involves chemicals or enzymes to breakdown food particles
37
Microbial digestion definition
Requires microbes to breakdown food particles
38
What does amylase break down
Starch
39
What does protease breakdown?
Protein
40
What does lipase breakdown?
lipids and fats
41
Examples of ruminants
cows, sheep, goats
42
4 chambers of ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
43
How does mechanical digestion occur in the mouth?
Mastication/chewing
44
Rumen function
Microbial digestion and absorbing fatty acids
45
What is the texture of the rumen called and look like
Papillae, it feels fingers
46
Reticulum function
Microbial digestion and nutrient absorption
47
Texture of the reticulum
honeycomb structures
48
What occurs in the reticulum
Regurgitation
49
Omasum function
Water absorption
50
Omasum texture
Tissue folds called villi
51
Abomasum function
The true stomach and protein digestion
52
Abomasum texture
Glandular tissue folds
53
Post-gastric examples
Horses, zebras, donkeys
54
What is the difference between monogastric and post-gastric
The post-gastric large intestine is huge
55
How is a horse different from monogastric animals?
Proportionally smaller stomach, and no gallbladder
56
What happens in the small intestine of post-gastric stomachs?
Microbial digestion
57
How is the horses cecum different from most?
It is proportionally much larger
58
What is feedstuff
an ingredient in the total feed
59
What is feed
the final product being fed
60
What forms of feedstuff is there
Forages, concentrates, supplements
61
Describe forages
High in fiber, comes in dry or wet form
62
Describe concentrates
high in energy or protein, low in fiber
63
List the nutrients supplements are high in
Vitamins and minerals, protein, and energy
64
List the processed forms of concentrates
Whole, ground, roleed, crumbled, mash, pellets
65
What is a source of feedstuffs
Byproducts
66
What is the content of dry forages & roughages
high in crude fiber, low energy, low moisture content, varies in minerals, vitamins, and proteins
67
Examples of dry forages & roughages
grass hay, cottonseed hulls, cornstalks
68
Content of pasture & green forages
High crude fiber, low energy, high moisture content, Nutritive factors vary on pasture maintenance and health
69
Pasture and green forage examples
Pasture/meadowgrass, wheat, Bermuda grass
70
Silage definition
The preservation of green fodder in low oxygen conditions
71
Silage examples
Whole plants, corn, hay, grass
72
Silage content
High in moisture, half in energy and forage, added protein supplements
73
Energy feeds content
High energy, carbohydrates, low vitamins and minerals
74
Examples of energy feeds
Corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, oats
75
Energy gold standard definition
A concentrate of high energy ingredients
76
Energy gold standard variations
Whole, ground, steam flaked, cracked
77
Protein supplements content
>20% protein
78
Examples of plant based protein supplements
Concentrate or byproduct forms of soybean meal, alfalfa
79
Examples of animal based protein supplements
Animal byproducts but no feeding of the same species
80
Vitamin & mineral supplements content
Different mixes that are species specific

Animal Science (1 decks)

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