Animal Science 320 Lecture 12

Question 1

What is immunology?

Answer 1

Is the study of the body’s defense against infection.

Question 2

What is the Immune System?

Answer 2

Basic defense of the body

Question 3

What is the immune system made of?

Answer 3

Composed by specialized cells and organized structures that coordinate defense mechanisms

Question 4

What does the Immune system protect us from?

Answer 4

From harmful pathogens and disease

Question 5

What happens when the immune system fails?

Answer 5

Disease arise

Question 6

Who is Edward Jenner?

Answer 6

Developed the first vaccine against smallpox (18th century)

Question 7

How did Edward Jenner develop the first vaccine against small pox?

Answer 7

By infecting a patient with cowpox and demonstrating that
the patient became immune to smallpox

Question 8

Who is Louis Pasteur?

Answer 8

Demonstrated that infectious diseases are caused
by microorganisms (Germ theory of disease)

Question 9

How did Louis Pasteur develop the first vaccine against rabies?

Answer 9

By attenuating the rabies virus,
making it less harmful

Question 10

Who is Robert Koch?

Answer 10

Did work on tuberculosis that led to breakthroughs in understanding these kinds of diseases and treatments

Question 11

Who laid the foundation for modern microbiology and the development of antibiotics?

Answer 11

Robert Koch

Question 12

What are components of Mucosal Immune System?

Answer 12

Barrier Functions, Innate Immune Stsem, Adaptive Immune System

Question 13

What does the Mucosal Immune System?

Answer 13

Stratify luminal microbes and Minimize bacterial-epithelial cell contact

Question 14

What is Oral Tolerance?

Answer 14

Tolerance towards food antigens and commensal
microorganisms

Question 15

What is Compartmentalization?

Answer 15

Prevent the induction of unnecessary systemic immune
responses

Question 16

What is a Barrier Function?

Answer 16

Intestinal barrier are made up of numerous
different cell types

Question 17

What types of cells are in the Barrier Function?

Answer 17

Enterocytes, Goblet cells Paneth cells, Microfold (M) cells

Question 18

What are Enterocytes cells?

Answer 18

Ensures the uptake of ions, water, nutrients, vitamins and absorption of unconjugated bile salts

Question 19

What are Goblet Cells?

Answer 19

Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells that serve as the primary site for nutrient digestion and mucosal absorption

Question 20

What are Paneth Cell?

Answer 20

Found in crypts, produce
anti-microbial compounds

Question 21

What are Microfold (M) Cells?

Answer 21

Facilitate the
maintenance of intestinal tolerance

Question 22

One layer of epithelial cells
____ adhered to each other

Answer 22

Tightly

Question 23

What is the Junctional Complex

Answer 23

Transcellular proteins connected
through adaptor proteins to the
actin cytoskeleton.

Question 24

What is the Mucus Layer of the Farrier Function?

Answer 24

Glycoproteins called mucin secreted by
Goblet cells, Protein core with several polysaccharide
molecules attached

Question 25

How many layers of Mucin are there?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

What is the outer layer of Mucin?

Answer 26

Colonized by microorganisms

Question 27

What is the inner layer of mucin?

Answer 27

High concentration of antimicrobial peptides prevents microbial colonization known as “Killing zone”

Question 28

Presence of microorganisms close to epithelial surfaces are recognized by what?

Answer 28

APCs via PRRs

Question 29

What do Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) disrupt and how?

Answer 29

Disrupt microbial cell membrane by forming pores

Question 30

What acts as lytic enzymes disturbing microbial cell membrane?

Answer 30

AMPs

Question 31

What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

Answer 31

Several germline-encoded receptors used to recognize different MAMPS

Question 32

What is a Lamina Propria?

Answer 32

It is a loose connective tissue that contains several immune cells

Question 33

What are some of the immune cells in Lamina Propria?

Answer 33

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cells and B cells, Innate Lymphoid cells, and other immune mediators

Question 34

What allowed us to study the ecological complexity of the intestinal microbiota and its impact on host physiology.

Answer 34

Culture-independent techniques (NGS)

Question 35

Microbial cells in intestine surpass human cells by a factor of

Answer 35

10

Question 36

Microbial genome is ___ more extensive than human genome

Answer 36

100x

Question 37

Metabolic

Answer 37

Vitamin B and K, SCFA

Question 38

Structural

Answer 38

Promote epithelial cell proliferation mucin production

Question 39

Protective

Answer 39

Competitive exclusion of non-resident bacteria and pathogens

Question 40

Mucin glycans are what for some bacteria?

Answer 40

Nutrients

Question 41

What is the Niche Occupation?

Answer 41

Excluding potential pathogens

Question 42

How does the Niche Occupation reduce the pH

Answer 42

By production of SCFAs acetate and lactate

Question 43

Where do the cells of the immune system come from?

Answer 43

Bone Marrow

Question 44

What is the the Bone Marrow?

Answer 44

Production of blood cells, Myeloid, Lymphoid

Question 45

Where does Maturation of lymphocytes occur?

Answer 45

In Central Lymphoid Organs

Question 46

What are all lymphoid and myeloid cells derived from?

Answer 46

Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow