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Animal Science > animal science final > Flashcards

animal science final Flashcards

1
Q

in what year was the electric candle invented?

A

1909

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2
Q

In what year was the Newcastle disease breakout in LA?

A

1971

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3
Q

Which state has the most poultry ?

A

Iowa

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4
Q

Which country is number one for its poultry numbers?

A

US

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5
Q

Class for avian?

A

Aves

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6
Q

Egg breeds?

A

Leghorn, Ancona, Minorca

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7
Q

How many eggs are classified for a ‘good laying hen’ ?

A

20 dozen in 1st year

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8
Q

meat breeds

A

Orpington, Cornish, Australorp

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9
Q

Dual Purpose Breeds

A

New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red

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10
Q

Bantams

A

1/4 or less the size of large fowl, seabrights and silkies

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11
Q

Leghorns

A

-noisy, like to move around and forage, capable of flight and often roost in trees
-240-250 eggs/year
-most numerous breed in US/most common

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12
Q

Araucana

A

-blue, greenish eggs
-rumpless
-no tail

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13
Q

Ameracauna

A

-related to araucana (difference is they have a tail)
-muffs and beards

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14
Q

Plymouth Rocks

A

-most popular bird until WWII
-good general farm chicken
-hardy (can survive low and high temps), docile, good mothers
-meat and egg
-brown egg

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15
Q

Rhode Island Reds

A

-Originated in Rhode Island
-best egg layers of dual purpose breeds
-brown eggs

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16
Q

New Hampshire

A

-competitive and aggressive
-plump carcass - used as either broiler or roaster

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17
Q

Cornish

A

-developed as ultimate meat bird
-wide compact bodies -> poor fertility
-wide muscular breast
-short legs

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18
Q

Ross

A

-industry standard for broiler growth rate, feed conversion

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19
Q

Capon

A

castrated male under 8 months

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20
Q

Stag

A

male chicken under 10 months

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21
Q

Chicken Vital Signs

A

-body temp 104 - 109 F
-300 beats/minute at rest

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22
Q

Calcium

A

-eggshells made of calcium carbonate
-oyster shells

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23
Q

minimum living requirements:

A

-good drainage (hill)
-heated or insulated in cold weather (prevents combs and wattles from freezing)
-screened opennings (ventilation)
-electricity (layers require 14 hours of light)

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24
Q

design requirements:

A

-open shed (free-range birds)
-semi-closed (more protection)
-enclosed houses (light, temperature, and ventilation)

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25
Q

Proposition 2

A

-Required eggs in California to come from chickens that have enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely

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26
Q

Avian Influenza

A

-coughing, sneezing, diarrhea, 90% mortality
-wild waterfowl

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27
Q

Coccidiosis

A

-protozoa
-bloody diarrhea

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28
Q

Infectious Coryza

A

-common cold

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28
Q

Curled-toe paralysis

A

-B2 riboflavin
-improper incubation temperatures

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29
Q

Marek’s Disease

A

-virus
-skin form (white bumps crusty brown scabs), nerve form (paralysis), eye form (blindness), internal organ form (tumors, enlarged abdomen)

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30
Q

Mites

A

-red and northern fowl

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31
Q

Newcastle disease

A

-affect entire flock in 2 days
-coughing, sneezing, greenish diarrhea, paralysis, twisted neck

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32
Q

Perosis (slipped tendon)

A

-Mn, choline, biotin, B3, folic acid

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33
Q

Poult enteritis mortality syndrome

A

-diarrhea in turkeys 7-28 days old

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34
Q

Roundworms

A

-intestinal parasite

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35
Q

Cannibalism

A

-beat trimming

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36
Q

Grades AA (higher consumer grade)

A

-whites are thick and firm, yolks are high round and almost free from defects, clean and unbroken shells

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37
Q

Grade A

A

-same as Grade AA except whites are “reasonable firm”

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38
Q

Grade B

A

-used for liquid, frozen, or dried egg products

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39
Q

Candling

A

-examines intact egg for soundness, interior quality, stage of embryonic development

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40
Q

Turkeys

A

-7.2 billion lbs. meat
-Native to US

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41
Q

Broadbreasted White

A

-14 - 22 lbs females

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42
Q

Broadbreasted Bronze

A
  • calmer and easier to handle
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43
Q

White Beltsville

A

-advantage over broad breasted turkeys: able to breed naturally

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43
Q

Ducks

A

-meats and eggs
-weed eaters

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43
Q

Leading Duck State?

A

Indiana

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44
Q

Khaki Campbell

A

-best for egg production
-eat large quantities of snails, slugs, algae, insects, mosquitos from ponds

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44
Q

Duck Breeds

A

-most breeds originate from wild mallard
-exception = muscovy (S. America)

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44
Q

Pekin

A

-most desirable table duck in the US
-up to 11lbs

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44
Q

Indian Runner

A

-move faster and prefer to run than waddle

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45
Q

American Buff

A

-Dual purpose
-240 eggs/year

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45
Q

Welsh Harlequin

A

-Lacks a strong sense of self preservation -> vulnerable to predators

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46
Q

Muscovy

A

-developed in Brazil
-caruncles above the eyes and around the beak
-quackless
-claws
-mules

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47
Q

Gesse

A

-oldest domestic animals
-Gift to bride and groom to symbolize faithfulness and loyalty
-Geese are monogamous and mate for life
-1st Thanksgiving Dinner
-Roughage burner

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48
Q

Toulouse

A

-Largest most popular in US
-will have its body practically dragging on the ground

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49
Q

Emden

A

-Fast growth, large size
Blue eyes, tall and erect stance -> air of intelligence
-Can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color

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50
Q

What is Foie Grass?

A

force feeding

51
Q

Signs of aggression

A

-Beeline, neck, stretched, head down, hissing sounds

52
Q

prevention of aggression

A

-greeting, clap, stomp feet, wave arms, extend arms with a pointed finger

53
Q

feed for mallard drive and geese

A

mallard derived: mainly vegetable, some animal matter
geese: vegetarian

54
Q

bonding muscovy

A

indiscriminate, mules

55
Q

Top three states of ostriches (in order)

A

Texas, CA, and KS

56
Q

Can ostriches fly? Why or why not?

A

No they can’t they have no keel

57
Q

Largest bird in the world

A

Ostrich

58
Q

Only bird with 2 toes, sharp nails

A

Ostrich

59
Q

Reproduction of hens

A

If allowed to keep eggs the hen will stop producing at 12-24 eggs

60
Q

How much does a live 250 lb ostrich for slaughter cost?

A

400 - 500 dollars

61
Q

What are ostrich feathers used for?

A

-feather dusters
-shoes
-clothes
-plumed head pieces
-computer dusters

62
Q

how many chicken eggs equals 1 ostrich egg?

A

1 ostrich egg = 24 chicken eggs

63
Q

Father of the American pork industry

A

Hernando de Soto

64
Q

What year did Cortez introduce hogs to New Mexico ?

A

1600

65
Q

long solid wall built on northern edge to control roaming herds of pigs

A

now known as Wall Street

66
Q

Where did pigs 1st commercially slaughtered take place?

A

Cincinnati

67
Q

Wild hogs of Europe

A

Sus scrofa

68
Q

Wild Hog of India

A

Sus vittatus

69
Q

Top pig population state in the US

A

Iowa

70
Q

Top Pork Producing Country

A

China

71
Q

Types of swine

A

learn type hog, lean-meat type hog, pets, research

71
Q

American Landrace

A

-very long side (extra vertebrae) making them known for bacon

72
Q

Duroc Jersey

A

-excellent rate of gain and feed efficiency
-2nd in numbers

73
Q

Hampshire

A

-one of the oldest original early American pig breeds
-white belt around the shoulders and front legs, black color
-long carcass that is high in muscle

74
Q

Poland China

A

Heavy Ham

75
Q

Tamworth

A

-One of the oldest pig breeds
-excellent mothers
-very prepotent (great hereditary transmitting ability)

76
Q

Vietnamese Potbellied

A
  • Fifth most important of pig breeds
77
Q

Yorkshire

A

-mother breed
-large litters and good mothering ability
-most populous breed in US

78
Q

Judging requirements:

A

-back fat 1.5 inches or less on animal
-probes on live animal or carcass

79
Q

what are the 3 methods of selection for breeding?

A

-pedigree, showing, individual merit

79
Q

showing record:

A

winners recognized as superior breeders

80
Q

Tandem selection

A

1 trail at time until maximum progress is achieved

81
Q

Selection index

A

all important traits combined into one score

82
Q

carcass grading

A

hams, loins, picnics Boston butts - four main lean cuts

83
Q

litter size of swine

A

10+ farrowed
8+ weaned

83
Q

low percentage of backfat

A

max is 1%

84
Q

at what weight were weaned pigs sold at?

A

they were sold at 45 lbs

85
Q

Management of newborn

A

-clip tips of needle teeth(so they don’t bite each other)
-ear notch
-fe-dextran injections 2-3 days

85
Q

Dystocia (difficult birth)

A

-pig snare (like a catch pole to pull out baby)
-antibiotics

86
Q

segregated early weaning

A

-weaned 10 - 17 days
-group stays together

87
Q

swine age at puberty & gestation period:

A
  • 4-7 months age at puberty
  • 114 days gestation period
88
Q

sperm rich fraction

A

-opaque and milky and contains highest concentration of spermatozoa

89
Q

heat detection

A
  • stands for mount
  • backpressure
    -vulva: swollen discharge
89
Q

1st limiting nutrient

A

Lysine

90
Q

what causes parakeratosis?

A

deficiency of Zn

91
Q

Deficiency of Cu and Fe

A

Anemia

92
Q

symptoms of atrophic rhinitis (Bordatella bronchiseptica)

A

-epiphora, sneezing, epistaxis

92
Q

Swine fever (cholera)

A

high morbidity
high mortality

93
Q

Erysipelas (diamond shaped skin lesions, purplish ears)

A

-zoonotic
-fecal-oral
-pain in feet and joints, sloughing of skin

94
Q

Foot and mouth disease

A

-vesicles on tongue and mouth
-vesicular Stomatitis Virus

95
Q

Greasy Pig Syndrome (exudative epidermitis)

A

-staphylococcus hyicus
-Stratum granulosum+excess secretion of glands

96
Q

Trichinosis

A

-no symptoms in pigs
-raw pork
-vomiting, diarrhea, swelling, CNS, death in humans

97
Q

UK Farm Animal Welfare Council’s five freedoms

A

-Freedom from hunger and thirst
-Freedom from discomfort
-Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
-Freedom from fear and distress
-Freedom to display normal behavior

97
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) corona virus

A
  • < 14 days
  • vomiting and diarrhea
98
Q

Leading Beef State

A

Texas

99
Q

Hybrid vigor

A

-first generation cattle
-disease resistance, mothering ability, milk production

100
Q

Top 5 cattle Production states

A

Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Missouri

101
Q

Angus

A

-most commonly registered breed in world
-polled (no horns)
-great mothering ability
-little calving difficulty
-marbling (a lot of fat in meat which means more juicy)

102
Q

Brahman

A

-Bos indicus
-Horns that curve upward and tilted to the rear, dewlap, pendulous ears, hump, highly developed sweat glands that secrete an oily secretion w/ an odor that repels insects
-Survives insects, disease, and temperature extremes
-Can be very docile and like affection

103
Q

Hereford

A

-2nd most popular breed
-squamous cell (can be cancerous due to UV rays)

104
Q

Charolais

A

-French
-Came to US thru Mexico
-hardy and can raise heavy calves

105
Q

Simmental

A

-Guatemala imported 1st Simmental into N. America
-Triple purpose breed (meat, milk, draft)

106
Q

Texas Longhorn

A

-Columbus 1493
-10 million in cattle drives during mid-1800’s
-Hardy (very resistant to cold temperature and poor feed)
-Well adapted to U.S. (Used to occupy the Great Plains after destruction of bison after Civil War)

107
Q

Beef Branding

A

-permanent ID
-Hot and dry ice with alcohol (LN2)

108
Q

Dehorning

A

-Cornual nerve block
-Tube dehorner
-Barnes dehorner

109
Q

Ways of castration and why its done:

A

-prevent aggressiveness
-chemical, burdizzo, elastrator, knife with emasculator

110
Q

Camel Family

A
  • One humped Dromedary (Arabian)
  • Two humped Bactrian camel (Central Asia)
110
Q

Life span of a llama

A

15 - 20 years
29 in capacity

111
Q

Average gestation of llama

A

350 days

112
Q

Do llamas have a heat cycle

A

No llamas do not have a heat cycle they are included ovulators (ovulation occurring 24 - 36 hours after bleeding)

112
Q

What time of the year can llamas and alpacas breed?

A
  • Llamas and alpacas can be bred at any time of the year
113
Q

Birth and babies of llamas

A
  • Most births occur during daylight hours, which is better for the cria and most certainly more convenient for the llama owners (7:00am – 3:00 pm)
  • Twinning is a rare occurrence
114
Q

Contemporary North American llamas are bred and raised for:

A

packing, wool production, cart pulling, animal facilitated therapy, companion animal

115
Q

Alpacas are commonly used for

A

-fine fiber production, pets, light pack animals, THERAPY

116
Q

Why do llamas spit?

A
  • Llamas will spit at other llamas in order to establish the pecking order within the group, to ward off an unwanted suitor, or to say “Stop it!”
117
Q

Llama nutrition

A

-omasum is absent
-llamas do have canine teeth
-graze on grasses and browse on leaves
-cria eats 10% of body weight/day

118
Q

What does FPT stand for?

A

Failure of passive transfer

119
Q

Failure of passive transfer

A

-First 24 hrs. of life
-IgG does not pass through placenta and newborn is without protection

120
Q

Oleander:

A

-diarrhea, excess salivation, anorexia, bradycardia, arrhythmia

121
Q

Bracken Fern

A

-emaciation, dyspnea, anemia, death in days to weeks

122
Q

Male Berserk Syndrome

A

-do not cuddle male crias
-syndrome is permanent
-affected animals must be destroyed

122
Q

Herd Health

A

-Clostridium perfringens, tetanus
-Equine Herpes virus 1 - if around horses
-If around cattle - BVD and IBR

122
Q

wool

A

grease-free

123
Q

Other parasites

A

-Lungworms
-Liver flukes
-Coccidiosis

Animal Science (1 decks)

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