animal studies

Question 1

what are the 3 r/s

Answer 1

principles of good science designed by scientist in order to improve animal welfare and scientific accuracy

Question 2

what do the 3rs stand for

Answer 2

refinement, reduction, replacement

Question 3

what does refinement mean

Answer 3

finding ways of making animals’ lives better in labs

Question 4

what is reduction

Answer 4

using as few animals as possible to get good results

Question 5

what is replacement

Answer 5

using non animal alternative where they exist

Question 6

examples of trying to replace animals used in research

Answer 6

cell structures, computer models and human studies

Question 7

general fact according to the american psychological association

Answer 7

t8% of psychological research uses animals

Question 8

90% of animals are

Answer 8

rodents and birds

Question 9

interest- why use animals

Answer 9

as psychologists are interested in behaviour so animal behaviour is as valid an area of study as human behaviour

Question 10

why use animals for insight into human behaviour

Answer 10

can offfer possible explanations of human behaviour if we accept that humans and some animals have similar structures but just have different stages if evolution

Question 11

convenience and practicality-why use animals

Answer 11

animals reproduce more readily than humans so we can study them across their life span quickly

Question 12

control- why use animals

Answer 12

animals are easier to control than humans which means its easier to conduct experiments- controlled variables

Question 13

example of where the animal is used for the area studied

Answer 13

mice- symptoms of parkinson’s disease

Question 14

characteristics of an animal lab experiment

Answer 14

-artificial task
-variables are controlled
-standardised task
-scientific setting

Question 15

strengths in animal studies x3

Answer 15

-small and easy to handle
-many animals have relatively short reproductive cycle
- overall validity is higher in animal studies as they are viewed as naive participants

Question 16

weaknesses in animal studies x3

Answer 16

-the brains of animals are not exactly the same as those of humans
-may be expensive- highest level of care acceptance with animals whereas humans can care for themselves
-human lives are complex and rarely occur in isolation

Question 17

ethical strengths

Answer 17

• the knowledge obtained may also improve the lives of the species being tested on
• pro-speciesism suggests that we ought to do all we can do to protect our own species

Question 18

ethical weaknesses

Answer 18

• some procedures require accessing specific parts of the brain that might then be damaged
  =animals in experiments are not in their natural surroundings therefore distressing conditions