Animal Studies Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Isoflurane
A
This is an anesthetic drug used in mouse studies
2
Q
Doxapram
A
This is a respiratory stimulant
3
Q
Pulse Oximeter
A
This measures the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood especially in the capillaries of fingers and ears.
4
Q
Hypoxia
A
Deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues.
5
Q
Hyperkalemia
A
Higher than normal levels of potassium in the blood.
6
Q
Porphyrin Staining
A
These are iron related stains that darken in the presence of sunlight.
7
Q
Pilioerection
A
Erection or bristling of hair.
8
Q
Laparotomy
A
This is a surgical incision in the abdomen.
9
Q
Hybridoma Technology
A
This is a process for making a large number of identical antibodies.
10
Q
Pristane
A
This is a natural terpenoid alkane obtained primarily from shark liver oil
11
Q
Peritoneum
A
This is a membrane that lines the inside of the abdomen and pelvis.
12
Q
Ascites Fluid
A
This is a condition where fluid collects in the spaces of the abdomen.
13
Q
Cachexia
A
This is a wasting syndrome that leads to loss of skeletal muscle and fat.
14
Q
Dyspnea
A
Difficulty breathing
15
Q
Terpenoid
A
These are a large class of organic chemicals derived from the 5 carbon compound isoprene.
16
Q
Barbiturates
A
These are a class of depressant drugs.
17
Q
AVMA
A
American Veterniary Medical Association
18
Q
Ether
A
This is a compound that has a high solubility in blood.
19
Q
Hypoxemia
A
This is when oxygen levels are lower than normal in the blood.
20
Q
Genetic Drift
A
This is the variation in relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population.
21
Q
Inguinal Canal
A
This is a passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall located just above the linguinal ligament.
22
Q
Copraphagy
A
This is when animals eat their own feces.
23
Q
Allergen Response
A
This is when a food allergen has the ability to elicit an IgE response and then on subsequent exposures elicit a clinical response to the same protein.
24
Q
Arenavirus
A
These are viruses shed into the environment in saliva, urine or droppings of infected rodent hosts.
25
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
This is a form or arenavirus
26
Leptospira
These are bacteria that are shed in the urine.
27
Salmonella
These are bacteria that are transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
28
Tricophyton
These are dermatophytic fungi that grow on skin and hair follicles and cause reddened skin and patchy hair loss known as ringworm. Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact.
29
Sporothrix Schenckii
These are fungi associated with multiple species including rats.
30
Hymenolepsis nana
This is a common tapeworm transmissible to humans.
31
Ad libitum feeding
This is when food is always available.
32
Hyperventilate
Breathe in an abnormally rapid rate.
33
Lordosis
A posture employed by some female mammals while mating when their back is arched down.
34
Gestation
The process of developing inside the womb, in the stages between conception and birth,
35
0.1% methylene blue
This is a stain to visualize the cell nuclei.
36
Postpartum estrus
This is when ovulation and corpus luteum forms soon after birth.
37
Parturition
This means child birth
38
Chlorhexidine
This is a disinfectant
39
Venipuncture
Puncture of the vein in order to draw blood.
40
Saphenous Vein
These are blood vessels in the leg and feet that send blood back to the heart.
41
Jugular Vein
These are large veins in the neck that carry blood from the face and head.
42
Retro-orbital plexus
These are a system of dilated venous channels at the back of the orbit (eye).
43
Hemostasis
Stopping the flow of blood.
44
Proparacaine or Tetracaine Hydrochloride
These are eye drops used to numb the eye before surgery.
45
Ventral Tail Artery
This is the main artery of the tail running in a groove formed by the incomplete haemal arches of the of the caudal vertebrae.
46
Dorsal recumbency
This means lying on its back.
47
Ventral recumbency
This means lying on its abdomen.
48
Hematoma
This is a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
49
Thorax
The area of the body between the neck and the abdomen.
50
Sternum
This is the breastbone.
51
Lateral recumbency
This means lying on its side.
52
Sciatic Nerve
These are nerves that run through the lower back, down the hips and buttocks and into the legs
53
Aspiration Pneumonia
This is when food or liquid is breathed into the airways or lungs.
54
Ketamine/ xylazine
These are injectable aneshetic drugs.
55
Pentobarbital
This is an injectable anesthetic drug.
56
Halothane
This is an inhalant anesthetic drug.
57
Sevoflurane
This is an inhalant anesthetic drug.
58
Intubation
This is the insertion of a tube into an animal's body especially in the form of an artificial ventilation tube into the trachea.
59
Otoscope
An instrument designed for the visual examination of the eardrum and the passage of the outer ear, typically having a light and a set of lenses.
60
Speculum
This is a metal or plastic instrument that is used to dilate an orifice or canal in the body to allow inspection.
61
Lidocaine
This is a synthetic compound used as a local anesthetic.
62
Hypoglycemia
This is a condition where the blood sugar level is lower than the standard range.
63
Ringer's Solution
This is an isotonic solution of electrolytes, the concentration of which matches that of plasma.
64
Betadine Solution
This is an antiseptic non-sterile aqueous solution used for rodent pre-operative preparation
65
Hot Bead Sterilizer
This is a compact unit that can quickly and easily sterilize surgical instruments.
66
Quarternary Ammonium Compounds
These are types of chemicals used to kill viruses, bacteria and mold.
67
Phenolic
This is one of the main classes of plant phenolic compounds.
68
Circulating Water Heating Pad
This is a flexible pad containing a series of channels through which water is circulated by means of an electrical pumping mechanism.
69
Electrocautery
This is the cauterization of tissue using electrical current to generate heat.
70
Thumb forceps
There are four kinds: Ewald, Russian, Adson-Brown, Adson-Hudson.
71
Hemostatic forceps
These are used to clamp onto tissue to stop blood flow of a severed blood vessel.
72
Rochester Carmalt forceps
These forceps have crushing jaws with longitudinal grooves and cross grooves at the tip.
73
Backhaus Towel forceps
These are used for clamping towels around wounds.
74
Mosquito forceps
These are used in a small surgical field for holding delicate tissues.
75
Dressing forceps
These forceps have a smoothly serrated with low ridges and can only be used for handling tissues lightly.
76
Allis forceps
These have serrated jaws and the teeth curve towards the inside of the blade.
77
Needle Holders
These hold needles to suture wounds closed. These have blunt tips and are in different sizes according to the size of the needle to be used.
78
Scissors
These are of three types: sharp-sharp, sharp-blunt and blunt-blunt.
79
Electroscalpel
These minimize bleeding by using electric current for coagulation.
80
Laser scalpel
These are used to make fine small cuts with a laser beam.
81
Retractor
This aids in exposing the surgical site by pulling away the overlying tissue. These can be hand-held or self-retaining.
82
Sterilization
This is the complete destruction of all micro-organisms in or about an object.
83
Disinfection
This is the destruction of pathogenic micro-organisms with the exception of bacterial spores.
84
High Level Disinfectant
These are liquid agents whose efficacy is between sterilant and general disinfectant.
85
Primary means of sterilization
These are 1) Physical (heat or steam) 2) Chemical (sterilant chemicals in gas form).
86
Ethylene Oxide Sterilizer
This uses a sterilant chemical as means of sterilization.
87
Autoclave sterilization
This is when sterilization is done at 121 deg C for 15 mins or 131 deg C for 3 mins.
88
Hot Bead Sterilizer
These are when glass beads are heated to 240 deg C and 270 deg C to sterilize metal surgical instruments. Instruments are left in the unit for just 10-20 seconds.
89
Dry Heat Sterilizer
These use hot air as a sterilant. The items cannot be stored. These are used for heat-stable, moisture sensitive, steam-impermeable medical devices and products.
90
Cold Sterilization
These use ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid as means of sterilization.
91
Gas Sterilizer
These are items that sensitive to moisture and to heat.
92
Endoscope
This is an instrument that can be introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts.
93
Analgesics
These are of two kinds: opioids and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
94
Pneumonitis
This is the inflammation of the lungs.
95
Sterile Drapes
There are three kinds: stockinette, plastic adhesive, paper drape.
96
Stockinette
This is a tubular stretchy material like a sock.
97
Plastic Adhesive Drape
This drape is applied to surgical field just prior to surgery.
98
Paper Drapes
These are autoclavable.
99
Suturing
This is the anatomically correct way of closing tissue layers which were severed during approach to the site of interest.
100
Dehiscence
A failed suture causing gaps in the wound margins.
101
Herniation
To protrude through an abnormal body opening.
102
Tapered Needle
This is used for internal incisions. This has a sharp point and flattened body. This needle should not be used to close skin.
103
Cutting Edge Needle
This is used for external incisions. This can be used to close tears in skin. There is also a reverse cutting edge needle.
104
Swaged Needle
This needle has an eye with a thinner diameter, so less force is required to pull the needle and less trauma is registered on the tissues. Thus these needles are termed atraumatic.
105
Simple interrupted suture pattern
Used to suture internal body tissues
106
Simple continuous suture pattern
Used to suture peripheral or skin tissues.
107
Staples
These need to be sterilized. The wound usually heals in 10-14 days and then the staples need to be removed.
108
Wound Clips
These are another way to close wounds but they are not as effective as staples. They have to be sterilized as well. The wound usually heals in 10-14 days and then the clips need to be removed.
109
Tissue Adhesives
This is a glue that can be used to close wounds but care must be taken not to bathe the wound.
110
Yohimbine
This is an anesthetic/ sedative antagonist
111
Atipamezole
This is an anesthetic/ sedative antagonist.
112
Xylazine
This is an anesthetic drug.
113
Medetomidine
This is an anesthetic drug.
114
Mouse Hepatitis Virus
This is a clinical disease in mouse following stress or immune suppression.
115
Atropine
Treatment given before anesthetics
116
Phenothiazine Tranquilizers
Treatment given before anesthetics.
117
Sevoflurane
This is an inhalant anesthetic drug that is more expensive that isolflurane.
118
Desflurane
This is a newer inhalant anesthetic drug that is the least soluble in blood amongst all the anesthetic drugs. It is sold under the trade name Suprane.
119
Enflurane
This is sold under the name Ethrane. It is not arrhythmogenic and resisted metabolism. Its use in veterinary medicine is limited because it causes respiratory depression.
120
Partition Coefficient
This is a measurement of relative solubility of gas in blood.
121
Tidal Volume
This is the inhaled and exhaled air per minute.
122
Minute Volume
This is the volume of air moved per minute.
123
Precision Vaporizer
This is a unit that transforms liquid anesthetic to gas and delivers it in a precise manner.
124
Funnel Fill System (Type of Vaporizer)
The fill cap is unscrewed and the liquid anesthetic is poured in. There is an anti-spill top on the anesthetic bottle that can that can eliminate dripping and reduce user exposure of the anesthetic gas.
125
Pin Index Fill System (Type of Vaporizer)
There is a presence of a device on top of a bottle on the vaporizer. There are no spills in this system.
126
MAC
This is Minimum Alveolar Concentration and is the percentage point for a specific stimulus.
127
A Breathing Circuit
This is a portion of the system that is attached to the patient's airways by means of an endotracheal tube or face mask.
128
Face Mask
This connects the animal to the breathing circuit.
129
Nonbreathing Circuits
These are of three types: Ayres T-Piece, Norman Mask Elbow and Bain Breathing Elbow.
130
Active Evacuation System
This uses the negative pressure (vacuum or suction) to draw off the waste gas. The negative pressure is applied to waste gas only. This is the standard system in hospital surgery units.
131
Evacuation Interface Device
This allows waste gas to flow passively into the device.
132
Passive Evacuation System
This uses the positive pressure of the gas stored in the cylinder to carry the waste gas away.
133
Righting Reflex
This is the animal's natural correction of its body posture to its upright position.
134
C57/BL6 Mice
These mice develop knee OA in 17 months
135
STR/ort Mice
It takes 12-20 weeks for these mice to develop articular cartilage destruction
