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Biology 11 > animal test chapter 26 > Flashcards

animal test chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What are choanoflagellates?

A

single-celled eukaryotes that are the ancestors of animals

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2
Q

When did the first animals begin evolving?

A

Before the cambrian explosion

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3
Q

What are appendages?

A

structures such as legs or antennae protruding from the body

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4
Q

What does the cladogram represent?

A

The current understanding of relationships among animal phyla

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5
Q

What does the non chordate invertebrate cladogram represent?

A

current hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among major groups of modern invertebrates

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6
Q

what does porifera mean literally?

A

pore bearers

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7
Q

Key characteristics of porifera

A
  • multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls, have some specialized cells
  • aquatic, lack true tissues and organs, internal skeletons of spongin, spicules of calcium carbonate or silica, no body symmetry
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8
Q

key characteristics of cniderians

A
  • aquatic, carnivorous, specialized tissues, radial symmetry

- tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts for feeding

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9
Q

key characteristics of arthropods

A
  • segmented bodies, jointed appendages, exoskeletons made of chitin
  • coelomate protostomes with bilateral symmetry
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10
Q

key characteristics of nematodes

A
  • unsegmented worms with an outer cuticle that molts
  • one way simple digestive system
  • protostomes with a pseudocoelum
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11
Q

key characteristics of annelids

A
  • coelomate protostome worms
  • segmented with internal partitions
  • digestive system has two openings
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12
Q

key characteristics of mollusks

A
  • soft bodies with a muscular foot
  • hard shell secreted by the mantle
  • coelomate protostomes with bilateral symmetry
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13
Q

key characteristics of echinoderms

A
  • marine animals with spiny skin around an endoskeleton
  • tube feet with suction cup ends
  • water circulatory system
  • coelomate deuterostomes
  • 5 part radial symmetry
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14
Q

key characteristics of non vertebrate chordates

A
  • no backbone

- have a nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond its anus

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15
Q

key characteristics of fishes

A
  • aquatic vertebrates

- paired scales, fins and gills

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16
Q

key characteristics of amphibians

A
  • means double life
  • live in water as larvae and on land as adults
  • breathe with lungs, lack scales or claws, have moist skin that contains mucous glands
17
Q

key characteristics of reptiles

A
  • ectothermic vertebrates with dry scaly skin, lungs and amniotic eggs
18
Q

key characteristics of birds

A
  • endothermic reptiles with feathers and hard shelled amniotic eggs
  • two scaly legs and wings
19
Q

key characteristics of mammals

A
  • endothermic vertebrates with hair and mammory glands that produce milk for their young
20
Q

key characteristics of platyhelminthes

A
  • soft worms with tissues and organ systems

- three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, acoelomate

21
Q

what is a larvae?

A

immature stages

22
Q

what is a trochophore?

A

free swimming larval stages

23
Q

what is pikaia?

A

the earliest chordate known from the fossil record

24
Q

what is myllokunmingia?

A

the earliest known vertebrate

25
Q

5 groups of vertebrates

A
  1. fishes
  2. amphibians
  3. reptiles
  4. birds
  5. mammals
26
Q

nonvertebrate chordates:

A

tunicates and lancelets

27
Q

jawless fishes with vertebrae

A

hagfishes and lampreys

28
Q

cartilaginous fishes with jaws and paired appendages

A

sharks + relatives

29
Q

bony fishes with true bone

A

ray-finned fishes

30
Q

lobe-finned fishes with lungs

A

coelacanths and lungfishes

31
Q

amphibians with four limbs and amniotic egg

A

frogs and toads, salamanders, caecilians

32
Q

reptiles

A

turtles, tortoises, lizards, snakes, tuatara, crocodiles

33
Q

endothermy

A

mammals and birds

34
Q

evolutionary development of chordates in order

A
  1. vertebrae
  2. jaws and paired appendages
  3. true bone
  4. lungs
  5. four limbs
  6. amniotic egg
  7. endothermy
35
Q

what are tetrapods?

A

four-limbed vertebrates

36
Q

what are the three main groups of mammals?

A

monotremes, marsupials, and placentals

37
Q

what is a monotreme?

A

a mammal that lays eggs (platypus and echidna)

Biology 11 (5 decks)

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