animal tissues

Question 1

what are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function and is building blocks of organs and organ systems??

Answer 1

tissues

Question 2

what are the functions of tissues?

Answer 2

1. building blocks of organs and organ systems
2. provide structure, support and have specialized function

Question 3

what are the 4 types of animals tissue?

Answer 3

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 4

what type of tissue that is closely positioned polygonal cells and With little or no intercellular materials in between?

Answer 4

epithelial tissue

Question 5

epithelial tissue form what?

Answer 5

body surfaces and form glands

Question 6

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

1.) protects the body from infectious agents
2. absorption of nutrients
3 sensation

Question 7

what are characteristics of epithelial cells?

Answer 7

• compactly arranged
• avascular
• form membranes and glands
• associated with a basement membrane &
  lamina/tunica propria

Question 8

layers of loose
connective tissues in mucous membranes
which lines body cavities?

Answer 8

lamina/ tunica propria

Question 9

draw the structure of epithelial tissues

Question 10

Epithelial tissues are classified according

Answer 10

number of cell layers: simple or stratified
shape of cells on free surface: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
surface specialization: cilia, keratin, goblet cells, brush border

Question 11

draw the structure of a goblet cell

Question 12

3 types of epithelium

Answer 12

1. simple
   2 stratified
   3 glandular

Question 13

types of epithelium that Made up of only 1 layer of cells?
◆ Shapes could either be:

Answer 13

simple epithelium
- squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 14

❖ thin and flat cells of irregular
outline?
❖ cells are fitted together closely
forming continuous sheet?

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelium

Question 15

simple squamous are found in?

Answer 15

• endothelium of blood vessels,
  alveoli of lungs
• mesothelium that covers the
  body cavities & internal
  organs (lung, heart)

Question 16

box or cube-shaped cells
❖ characteristic of linings of
the kidneys and some parts
of the lungs (terminal
bronchioles, type 2 alveolar
cells)

Answer 16

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 17

simple cuboidal are found in?

Answer 17

ovary

Question 18

cylindrical, tall, and narrow
cells
❖ with goblet cells that
secrete mucus
❖ striated borders

Answer 18

simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

simple columnar are found in

Answer 19

stomach, intestines, gall bladder

Question 20

Made of more than 1 layer of cells?
◆ According to the shape of its topmost layer, it
can either be:

Answer 20

stratified epithelium
- squamous
-cuboidal
-columnar
-transitional
-pseudostratified

Question 21

◆ Can either be:
- keratinized (e.g. dry
surfaces of the skin)
- non-keratinized (e.g.
those found in wet surfaces such
as oral cavity, pharynx, etc)
◆ has protective function due to
its multi layer

Answer 21

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 22

what layer gives additional protection from bacterial infection. desiccations and breakage?

Answer 22

keratin layer

Question 23

not common
◆ Found in excretory ducts of
salivary, sweat, mammary,
pancreatic glands

Answer 23

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 24

not common
◆ found in:
ocular conjunctiva
male urethra
salivary, pancreatic, sweat
gland ducts

Answer 24

stratified columnar

Question 25

lines the urinary bladder, ureter, & upper part of urethra ◆ cells can change in form depending on the degree of distension of the bladder

Answer 25

transitional epithelium

Question 26

what happened when the bladder is relaxed to thin______? ________ when full

Answer 26

thick columnar or cuboidal (thin) squamous (full)

Question 27

◆ cells where nuclei are positioned in different levels ◆ gives impression that the membrane is composed of more than 1 layer

Answer 27

pseudostratified epithelium

Question 28

pseudostratified is found in?

Answer 28

respiratory tract

Question 29

formed by cells specialized to produce secretion molecules

Answer 29

glandular epithelium

Question 30

glandular epithelium is classified according to?

Answer 30

- number of cells - morphology or shape - histological characteristics - presence/absence of excretory ducts - integrity of secretory cells

Question 31

(made of isolated glandular glands) such as Goblet cells

Answer 31

unicellular

Question 32

(made of cluster of cells)

Answer 32

multicellular

Question 33

(with only 1 unbranched duct) - sweat and gastric gland

Answer 33

simple

Question 34

(ducts that repeatedly branch) - salivary and pancreatic glands

Answer 34

compound

Question 35

(with sac- like structure that invaginates) - mammary gland

Answer 35

saccular

Question 36

what are 3 histological characteristic and give examples?

Answer 36

serous (parotid and lacrimal glands) mucous (sublingual glands) mixed serous mucus ( submandibular & lingual glands)

Question 37

secretes substances directly into the bloodstream ? found in?

Answer 37

endocrine, beta cells

Question 38

with ducts?

Answer 38

exocrine

Question 39

glands secreting sebum glands secreting milk

Answer 39

sebaceous glands mammary glands

Question 40

(cells that suffer complete destruction in the process of secretion) found in what gland?

Answer 40

holocrine, sebaceous glands

Question 41

(cells that suffer partial destruction in the process of secretion) found in?

Answer 41

apocrine, mammary glands

Question 42

(integrity of the cells is maintained) found in?

Answer 42

merocrine, sweat glands

Question 43

Consists of the actual connective tissue cells, protein fibers

Answer 43

connective tissue

Question 44

function for connective tissue?

Answer 44

support protection transport insulation tissue repair hematopoiesis immunologic reactions

Question 45

what are protein fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 45

collagen and elastin

Question 46

predominantly made up of type I collagen ◆ most abundant in the human body (90% of total collagen)

Answer 46

collagenous connective tissue

Question 47

◆ Found in loose Connective T in the _______ (in skin), dense regular CT in ___________, & dense irregular CT in ________(in bone), & ligaments

Answer 47

fasciae, tendons, periosteum

Question 48

primarily formed by type III collagen (fibrillar type of collagen) ◆ Major component of hollow organs such as blood vessels, uterus, etc

Answer 48

reticular connective tissue

Question 49

serves as a supporting framework of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs?

Answer 49

type 3 collagen

Question 50

primarily formed by type II collagen (major component of cartilage) and is not easily visualized in microscope?

Answer 50

elastic connective tissue

Question 51

Elastic CT contains?

Answer 51

retractile fibers with elastic

Question 52

what Connective Tissues With Special Properties that is for For insulation, fat storage, mechanical support?

Answer 52

adipose connective tissue

Question 53

what Connective Tissues With Special Properties that is Found in pulp of young teeth & in the umbilical cord

Answer 53

mucous ct

Question 54

blood and lymph are important for?

Answer 54

transport of nutrients gas exchange homeostasis immunity waste removal hormonal transport

Question 55

has a rigid matrix but is still pliable & elastic due to collagen & elastic fibers ◆ provides structural support & a degree of flexibility ◆ avascular

Answer 55

cartilage

Question 56

what do u call the cartilage of joints, ribs, nose, airways?

Answer 56

hyaline

Question 57

what do u call the cartilage of ear, epiglottis, parts of the larynx

Answer 57

elastic cartilage

Question 58

what do u call the cartilage in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of the knee, temporomandibular joint?

Answer 58

fibrocartilage

Question 59

is a rigid form of connective tissue composed of cells and serves to protect the cranial and thoracic cavities?

Answer 59

bone

Question 60

bone is composed of what cells?

Answer 60

osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclast

Question 61

primary tissue for locomotion ◆ characteristically elongated as an adaptation for contraction

Answer 61

muscular tissue

Question 62

(cytoplasm of the muscle fiber) - fibrillar due to the myofibrils (rod-like organelles)

Answer 62

sarcoplasm

Question 63

◆ very long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells ◆ capable of quick and forceful contractions that are usually voluntary ◆ attached to bones

Answer 63

skeletal muscle

Question 64

elongated, branched individual cells parallel to each other ◆ capable of involuntary, vigorous, rhythmic contractions ◆ adjacent cells are connected by intercalated disks ◆ in the heart

Answer 64

cardiac muscle

Question 65

◆ collection of cells that do not show cross-striations ◆ largest at midpoint & tapers toward the end (fusiform) ◆ low contraction ◆ involuntary ◆ in digestive tubes/intestines

Answer 65

smooth muscle

Question 66

functions to receive information from the environment or other nerve cells ◆ process information ◆ send information to other neurons or effector tissues

Answer 66

nervous tissue

Question 67

carry information obtained from the interior of the body and the environment to the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 67

sensory neurons

Question 68

carry impulses from the CNS to effector organs commanded by these centers

Answer 68

b. Motor neurons

Question 69

dopamine as neurotransmitter

Answer 69

dopaminergic

Question 70

serotonin as neurotransmitter?

Answer 70

serotonergic

Question 71

glutamate as neurotransmitter?

Answer 71

glutametergic

Question 72

acetylcholine as neurotransmitter?

Answer 72

cholinergic

Question 73

epinephrine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitter?

Answer 73

adrenergic

Question 74

(gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 74

gaba minergic