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ANIMAL TISSUES [ EP] Flashcards

EPITHELIUM TISSUE (62 cards)

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1
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of cells having a common origin and performing a specific function.

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2
Q

How are Animal tissues classified?

A

Animal Tissues are classified into four basic types:-
1] Epithelial Tissue
2] Connective Tissue
3] Muscular Tissue
4] Nervous Tissue

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3
Q

What is Epithelium tissue?

A

It is a tissue having a free surface , which either faces a body fluid { blood , lymph , coelomic fluid , etc} or the outside environment.

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4
Q

Organs can be classified into?

A

Two types :
1] SOLID - only covers the outer free surface
2] HOLLOW - covers both outer and inner surface

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5
Q

What do we understand about coelomic fluid?

A

Coelomic fluid is the fluid-filled body cavity found between the digestive tract and the body wall in most animals with a true coelom.

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6
Q

What does the Epithelium tissue line?

A

It lines the hollow organs , body cavities , blood vessels , ducts and surfaces of the animal body.

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7
Q

What are cells of the Epithelium tissue held on?

A

Cells are held on a supporting , non-cellular membrane called basement membrane or basal lamina.

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8
Q

What produces the basal lamina?

A

Epithelial cells

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9
Q

Types of Epithelium?

A

Two types ;
1] Simple Epithelium
2] Compound / Stratified Epithelium

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10
Q

Distinguish between simple and compound epithelium on the basis of layer of cells.

A

SE : Consists of single layer of cells
CE : Consists of two or more layers of cells

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11
Q

Distinguish between simple and compound epithelium on the basis of type of cells.

A

SE: All cells are of same type
CE: Different layers are made of different cells

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12
Q

Distinguish between simple and compound epithelium on the basis of where the cells rest.

A

SE: Cells directly rest on basement membrane
CE: Only lowermost cells rest on basement membrane .

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13
Q

Distinguish between simple and compound epithelium on the basis of its function

A

SE: It functions as a lining for body cavities , ducts and tubes.
CE: It has a protective function.

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14
Q

What are the types of permanent plant tissues?

A

1] Simple Permanent Tissues - made up of same type of cells
Eg:- Parenchyma , Sclerenchyma , Collenchyma
2} Complex Permanent Tissues - made up of different type of cells
Eg: Xylem ( Xylem fibres , Xylem parenchyma , Tracheids and Vessels)
Phloem ( Phloem fibres , Phloem parenchyma , companion cells , sieve tubes)

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15
Q

What are the types of Epithelium Tissue?

A

1] Simple Squamous Epithelium
2] Cuboidal Epithelium
3] Columnar Epithelium
4] Ciliated Epithelium
5] Glandular Epithelium
6] Sensory Epithelium
7] Cuboidal Germinal Epithelium

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16
Q

Description of Squamous Epithelium

A
  • a single thin layer
  • flattened cells
  • flattened nucleus
  • irregular boundaries
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17
Q

Location of squamous epithelium.

A

1] Endothelium walls of blood vessels
2] Alveoli - air sacs of lungs

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18
Q

How many walls do blood vessels have?

A

Three
1] Outermost layer - Tunica Externa
2] Middle layer - Tunica media
3] Innermost layer - Tunica Intima

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19
Q

What is the Tunica Externa formed by?

A

fibrous connective tissue and collagen fibre

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20
Q

What is the Tunica media formed by?

A

Smooth muscles and elastic fibres

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21
Q

What is the Endothelium walls of blood vessels formed by?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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22
Q

Do capillaries have all three walls which other blood vessels have?

A

No, capillaries do not have all three layers typically found in other blood vessels. Unlike arteries and veins, capillaries are composed of only one layer, the tunica intima, which consists of a single layer of endothelial cells and a thin basement membrane.

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23
Q

What is the function of the Squamous Epithelium?

A

Diffusion Boundary

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24
Q

Difference between cytoplasm and protoplasm.

A

Cytoplasm : semi fluid matrix present inside the cell and is the main arena of cellular activities
Protoplasm : The colourless material comprising the living part of the cell including the cytoplasm , nucleoplasm , etc.

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25
If the protoplasm is removed from the cell what happens?
The cell will die.
26
What is the difference between Extracellular Fluid and Interstitial fluid?
Extracellular fluid [ ECF ] and Interstitial fluid [ IF ] are both fluids present in the space outside the cells. ECF is the broader term encompassing both If and the fluid within blood vessels.
27
Give the description of Cuboidal Epithelium.
- A single layer of cube like cells - A spherical nucleus in the centre
28
Give the location of cuboidal epithelium
- Ducts of some glands - Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) of nephron in the kidney [ REABSORPTION ]
29
Why does the pct have microvilli?
The proximal convoluted tubule has microvilli because they significantly increase the surface area of the tubule's cells, allowing for more efficient reabsorption of essential substances like glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes from the glomerular filtrate.
30
What is the function of the cuboidal epithelium?
Secretion and Absorption
31
Write the description of Columnar Epithelium.
- A single layer of tall and slender cells - Nuclei are located at the base
32
What are the two types of columnar Epithelium?
Non-ciliated and ciliated
33
Where is non-ciliated columnar epithelium found?
Stomach and intestine lining
34
Why is non-ciliated columnar epithelium found in the stomach and small intestine
In the stomach, this epithelium secretes acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus, while in the small intestine, it absorbs nutrients and water from the digested food.
35
What is the function of the non-ciliated columnar epithelium?
Secretion and Absorption
36
Cuboidal epithelium and non-ciliated columnar epithelium perform the same function. Then wnat is the difference ?
Cuboidal epithelium, often found in glands and kidney tubules, is involved in functions like secretion and absorption, while the elongated columnar epithelium, lining the intestines and stomach, excels at absorption and may possess surface features like microvilli to maximize this function.
37
Where is ciliated columnar epithelium formed?
a. Bronchioles b. Fallopian tubes
38
What is the function of ciliated columnar epithelium in bronchioles ?
In bronchioles, ciliated columnar epithelium's primary function is to propel mucus and trapped debris out of the airways, a process known as mucociliary clearance. This action helps keep the respiratory passages clear and prevents the accumulation of foreign matter, which can hinder breathing and potentially lead to infection.
39
What is the function of ciliated columnar epithelium in fallopian tubes?
In fallopian tubes, ciliated columnar epithelium functions to transport the ovum (egg) from the ovary toward the uterus. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures on the cells, beat rhythmically, creating a current that propels the ovum and surrounding fluid down the tube. This movement is crucial for fertilization and embryo transport.
40
What happens if ciliated columnar epithelium is not present in the fallopian tube?
it can disrupt the normal transport of eggs and sperm, potentially leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
41
What do we mean by ectopic pregnancy?
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube.
42
Where is the uterus located?
Pelvic cavity
43
In which cavity are the ovaries present?
Lower abdominal cavity
44
What is the sensory epithelium?
Sensory Epithelium is a specialised type of tissue that detects and transmits sensory information from the external environment to the central nervous system.
45
Where is the sensory epithelium located?
Eyes , nose , ears , etc
46
What is the Cuboidal Germinal Epithelium?
The cuboidal germinal epithelium is a layer of cube-shaped epithelial cells found in the ovaries and seminiferous tubules of the testes , responsible for producing gametes ( sperms and eggs).
47
What do we mean by GONAD?
GONAD is a reproductive gland that produces gametes i.e sperms and eggs.
48
What is the Glandular Epithelium?
If the epithelial tissue has the ability to produce or secrete certain substances , it is called glandular epithelium.
49
What are seminiferous tubules?
Seminiferous tubules are the narrow , coiled tubes located within the testes where sperm cells are produced through a process called spermatogenesis.
50
What are the types of glands present in the human body?
Endocrine and Exocrine
51
Differentiate between Endocrine and Exocrine glands based on the presence of ducts.
Endo: Absent Thus, also known as Ductless gland. Exo: Present
52
Differentiate between Endocrine and Exocrine glands based on what is secreted.
Endo: Hormones Exo : Enzymes
53
Differentiate between Endocrine and Exocrine glands based on how the secretion is transported.
Endo: Secretion is directly poured into the blood. Exo: Secretion is transported through duct to target orgsn.
54
Differentiate between Endocrine and Exocrine glands based on action carried out.
Endo: System Example: The Pitutiary Gland secretes the growth hormone that is sent throughout the body Exo: Local Example: The Salivary Gland secretes Saliva only in the mouth.
55
What is the total number of salivary glands
Six i.e Three pairs 1] Paratoid ( present in the cheeks) 2] Submandibular ( Below the mandi) 3] Sublingual ( Below the tongue)
56
What is the LINGUAL FRENULUM?
The loose tissue which joins the tongue to the base of the oral cavity is called LINGUAL FRENULUM.
57
Which is the largest gland?
LIVER
58
Which is the largest exocrine gland?
LIVER
59
Which is the largest Endocrine gland?
THYROID GLAND
60
What is Compound Epithelium?
Compound epithelium is a tissue made up of more than one layer of cells
61
Give the location of the Compound Epithelium.
1] Dry surface of the skin 2] The moist surface of buccal cavity 3] pharynx 4] inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic glands .
62
What is the Function of the compound epithelium?
Limited role in secretion and absorption. MAIN FUNCTION: To provide protection against chemical and mechanical stresses.

BIOLOGY (3 decks)

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