CELL

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Question 2

What is the main difference between a single -celled Amoeba and a single cell of the liver?

Answer 2

Amoeba is a unicellular organism which can perform the basic life processes activities whereas a cell of the liver is unable to perform all activities such as Metabolism ,Excretion ,Respiration, etc.

Question 2

Distinguish between unicellular and multicellular organims.

Answer 2

Unicellular organisms ( uni - single) are organisms made up of a single cell whereas Multicellular organisms ( multi - many) are organisms made up of many cells or more than one cell.

Question 3

What does Metabolism consist of?

Answer 3

Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 4

What is Anabolism?

Answer 4

Anabolism is a metabolic process that builds complex molecules from smaller molecules.

Question 5

What is Catabolism?

Answer 5

Catabolism is a metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process, which is then used by the body for various functions like growth, repair, and activities.

Question 6

What works in the favor of metabolism?

Answer 6

Catabolism as it releases energy upon the breakdown of complex molecules which is then used for various activities.

Question 7

Give the main distinguishing function of Anabolism and Catabolism.

Answer 7

Anabolism requires energy to build molecules while Catabolism liberates energy during the breakdown of complex molecules.

Question 8

What is Metabolism?

Answer 8

Refers to all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.

Question 9

Examples of Uni-cellular organisms.

Answer 9

Monera , Protista and Fungi

Question 10

Example of an organism which is unicellular and eukaryotic.

Answer 10

PROTISTA

Question 11

Example of an organism which is unicellular and prokaryotic .

Answer 11

MONERA

Question 12

Example of an organism which is common in both Unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms and is eukaryotic.

Answer 12

FUNGI

Question 13

Example of Multicellular organisms .

Answer 13

Fungi , Plantae , Animalia , etc

Question 14

Both the plant and animal kingdoms consist of which type of cells?

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells

Question 15

Who formulated the cell theory?

Answer 15

Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the cell theory.

Question 16

Who is Schleiden?

Answer 16

BOTANIST
HINT:- Schleiden - Sclerenchyma( plant part)
so he deals with plants…..

Question 17

Who is Schwann?

Answer 17

ZOOLOGIST
HINT:- Schwann - Swan ( BIRD)
So he deals with animals……

Question 18

What was the loophole in the cell theory formulated by Schleiden and Schwann?

Answer 18

The cell theory did not explain how new cells were formed.

Question 19

Who modified the hypothesis given by Matthias Schleiden and Theodar Schwann?

Answer 19

Rudolf Virchow

Question 20

What was Rudolf Virchow’s contribution to the cell theory?

Answer 20

He gave the cell theory a final shape by stating ..
[Omnis cellula e cellula] i.e all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 21

State the cell theory.

Answer 21

1} All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
2} All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 22

What does prokaryotic stand for?

Answer 22

pro - primitive and karyon - nucleus

Question 23

What does Eukaryotic stand for?

Answer 23

Eu - True and Karyon - nucleus

Question 23

Components which are similar in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell...

Answer 23

Cytoplasm and Ribosomes

Question 24

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 24

-----> semi-fluid matrix -----> occupies the volume of the cell -----> main arena of cellular activities -----> where various chemical reactions occur to keep the cell in ' living state ' .

Question 25

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 25

------> non-membrane bound organelles ------> found in the cytoplasm and in eukaryotes ------> also with two organelles i.e chloroplast ( in plants) and Mitochondria and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in Animals .

Question 26

Prokaryotic cells are represented by?

Answer 26

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Cyanobacteria Mycoplasm

Question 27

The four basic shapes on the bacteria are classified are:-

Answer 27

1] bacillus ( rod-shaped ) - Lactobacillus 2] coccus ( spherical ) - Streptococcus Pneumonia 3] vibrio ( comma-shaped ) - Vibrio cholera 4] spirillum ( spiral ) - Treponema Pallidum( causes syphilis)

Question 28

Does a prokaryotic cell have a well defined nucleus?

Answer 28

no, The genetic material is naked , not enveloped by a nuclear membrane.

Question 29

What are plasmids?

Answer 29

The smaller DNA present outside the genomic DNA are called plasmids.

Question 30

What is the role of the plasmids?

Answer 30

1] The plasmid confers certain unique phenotypic characters to bacteria. 2] One such characteristic is resistance to antibiotics. 3] The is used to monitor bacterial transformation with foreign DNA.

Question 31

Nuclear membrane is found in Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

Answer 31

Eukaryotes

Question 32

CASE: Patient takes prescribed medicines for two days and then on feeling better stops taking the 5 days prescribed medicine. After two days she complains of even more severe symptoms.

Answer 32

After taking the prescribed medicines for 2 days, 25 % of the infection causing bacteria are eradicated. The rest get inactive which leads to the person believing that they have recovered. The remaining bacteria with the help of the plasmids become resistant to the antibiotics i. e they modify themselves and then attack.

Question 33

What is the only cell organelle present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 33

7OS Ribosomes

Question 34

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of nucleus.

Answer 34

1] Nucleus P:- They lack a membrane bound nucleus. The genetic material is basically naked, not enveloped by a nuclear membrane. E:-Inside each cell is a dense membrane bound structure called nucleus. This nucleus contains the chromosomes which in turn contain the genetic material , DNA.

Question 35

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of membrane bound distinct structures called organelles.

Answer 35

2] Membrane bound distinct structures called organelles P:-Absent E;-Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Lysosomes Mitochondria Microbodies Vacuoles

Question 36

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of Ribosomes in cytoplasm.

Answer 36

3] Ribosomes in cytoplasm P:-7OS E:_8OS

Question 37

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of Mesosomes.

Answer 37

4] Mesosomes P:-Present E:-Absent

Question 38

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of Size and Multiplication.

Answer 38

5] Size and Multiplication P:-Generally smaller and multiply more rapidly E:-Generally bigger and multiply more slowly

Question 39

Differentiate between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell on the basis of Kingdom

Answer 39

6] Kingdom P:-Monera E:-Protista, Fungi , Plantae , Animalia

Question 40

What is the smallest cell?

Answer 40

Mycoplasm

Question 41

What is the largest cell?

Answer 41

Isolated egg of an Ostrich

Question 42

Which cell is the longest?

Answer 42

Neuron or Nerve cell

Question 43

Cyanobacteria is also known as?

Answer 43

Blue-green algae

Question 44

WHO AM I? Present on the surface of cells and gives the identity....Kinda like an ID CARD

Answer 44

ANTIGEN

Question 45

What is plasmid also known as?

Answer 45

Extra chromosomal circular DNA