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micro immuno 2 > anirugh singh (2/20./18) > Flashcards

anirugh singh (2/20./18) Flashcards

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1
Q

morphology of Corynebacterium diphteriae

A

gram+
aerobic
pleomorphic club-shpared rods

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2
Q

catalase reaction with Corynebacterium diphteriae

A

possitive

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3
Q

what does Corynebacterium diphteriae grow on

A

on rich media enrich with blood or animal material

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4
Q

where does Corynebacterium live

A

live oropharynx as a pathogen

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5
Q

what does Corynebacterium diphteriae produce

A

diphtheria toxin encoded on a lysogenic bacteriophage

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6
Q

what are non-commensal Corynebacterium called

A

diphteriae

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7
Q

where do Corynebacterium diphteriae live

A

pharynx, nasopharyn, distal urethra, and skin

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8
Q

what is diphteria

A

disease caused by the local and systemic effects of siphtheria toxin

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9
Q

local disease of Diphtheria

A

pharyngitis or tonsillitis, with plaque -like psuedomembrane in throat and trachea

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10
Q

Diphtheria toxin in blood can affect

A

multiple organs, heart=produces myocarditis

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11
Q

what type of toxin is Diphtheria toxin

A

A-B endo toxin

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12
Q

how does Diphtheria toxin work

A

B binds to cell
internalized by endocyctic vacuole
low pH of vacuole caused toxin to unfold
A subunit goes to cytoplasm A subunit (ADP-ribosylate elongation factor-2 (EF-2)) leads to inhibition of protein synth

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13
Q

how is Corynebacterium diphteriae spread

A

droplet, direct contact with cuatneous infection
lesser extent by fomites
carriers through pharyngeal or nasal to harbor the organism for a long time

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14
Q

commonality of Corynebacterium diphteriae disease

A

rare where immunication is practiced (10 cases per year

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15
Q

diagnosis of Corynebacterium diphteriae

A

clinical

cutulure on selective medium containgin potassium tellurite (tinsdale medium)

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16
Q

how body tried to fight the Diphtheria toxin

A

Diphtheria toxin is antigenic, stimulating production of neutralizing antitoxin antibodies during natural infection

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17
Q

what is formalin

A

inactivated toxin, remaining natigenic to stimulate neutralizing antibodies

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18
Q

treating diphtheria

A

diphtheria antitoxin

penicillins, cephalosporins, erythrocymcin, tetratcyclin

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19
Q

how is diphtheria antitoxin made

A

antiserum produced in horses

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20
Q

immunization of diphtheria

A

with diphtheria toxoid by stimulating production of neutralzing antibodies

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21
Q

how immunity gained for diphtheria

A

first year of life with 3-4 shots

booster every 10 years to maintian immunity

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22
Q

morphology of Listeria monocytogenes

A

aerobic, gram + rod

features resembling both corynebacteria and streptococci

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23
Q

how to distinguish Listeria monocytogenes from streptococci

A

Listeria monocytogenes

is catalase positive

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24
Q

growing Listeria monocytogenes

A

rich media

can grow at low temp (0degrees C)

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25
how distinguish Listeria monocytogenes from corynebacteria
tumbling motility in fluid media at low temp (below 30 C)
26
what Listeria is pathogenic to human
Listeria monocytogenes
27
stereotypes of Listeria
13 serotypes (most common 1/2a. 1/2b. 4b)
28
how Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen
intracellulat
29
when does Listeriosis show it self
until dissemination
30
foodborne outbreaks of Listeriosis leads to
GI primary infection leading to nausea, ab pain, diarrhea, and fever
31
Disseminated infection in adults of Listeriosis leads to
fever, malaise, occasional bacteremia | can cause encephalitis and meningitis
32
a fetus getting Listeria monocytogenes leads to
still burth or fulminant neonatal sepsis
33
major virulence factors of L. monocytogenes
Internalin and Lysteriolylis O
34
what does L. monocytogenes infect
phatgocytes by endocytosis to replicate there and eventually infects neighboring cells by actin polymerization
35
how does L. monocytogenes attach to host cell
Internalins (InIA, and InIB)
36
what lyses the endocytic vacuole for L. monocytogenes
Listeriolysin O (LLO)
37
where is L. monocytogenes foudn
ubiquitous in nature: soil, water, GI of animal | Food born: deli meat, dairy, n-cooked food at low temp
38
why is it hard to eliminate L. monocytogenes
forms biofilms
39
who is most susceptible for L. monocytogenes
infacts under 1 month and the elder over 60
40
diagnosis of L. monocytogenes
Blood and CSF culture show beta-hemolytic gram positive rods
41
immunology to L. monocytogenes
innate( neutrophil kills bacterial) and adaptive immune(T cell mediated for resolution of infection and long term protetion response
42
preventing L. monocytogenes
No vaccine avoid unpasteurized dairy and cooking food don't be immunocompromised
43
treating L. monocytogenes
Ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaole
44
considered the treatment of | choice for fulminant cases and in patients with severe compromise of T-cell function for L. Monocytogenes
ampicillin with gentamicin
45
Morphology of Bacillus anthrasis
gram+, aerobic, spore forming long chain rods | non-motile
46
growing bacillus anthrasis
on rich media
47
spores of Bacillus anthrasis
extremely hardy and live for a long wall
48
where does Bacillus anthrasis live
soil, zonnotic
49
what does Bacillus anthrasis
Antrax A
50
what is human anthrax
lly an ulcerative sore on an exposed part of | the body, which usually resolves without complications
51
how to get Bacillus anthrasis spore to germinate
rich encironment of human tissue
52
role of capsule in Bacillus anthrasis
antiphagocytic effect of glutamic acid capsule for virulence
53
how does the anthrax toxin cause edema at site of infection
Adenylate cyclase activity
54
what happens if anthrax spores are inhales
fulminant pneumonia leading to respiratory failure and death
55
who gets anthrax
``` primariliy herbivors (get B anthraxis from pastures) Humans contant is from contacting these animals ```
56
Diagnosis of Bacillus anthrasis
Culture of skin lesions, sputum, blood, and CSF smears with large gram+ rods usually are anthrax hemolysis and motility exclude B anthracis sputum and blood culture are positive in pneumonia
57
how do we fight B anthracis
unknown: antibody directed against the toxin complex | capsular glutamic acid is immunogneic but antibody doesnt fight it
58
treating Bacillus anthrasis
ciprofloxacin and doxycyclin eradication of animal anthrax live and inactivated vaccines
59
morphology of mycoplama and ureaplasma
smallest free living micro organisms(.2-.3 micrometers) with no cell wall plastic and pleomorphic as: coccoid bodies, filaments, and bottle-shaped forms Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an aerobe, but others are facultative anaerobix
60
how Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma cells bind
a single trilaminar membrane, with host derived exogenous sterols
61
growth of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
enriched liquid culture medium and on special mycoplasma agar to produce minute colonies that look like fried eggs
62
what disease does Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause
walking pneumonia
63
where does Mycoplasma pneumoniae infect to cause walking pneumonia
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and peribronial tissue | also alveoli and alveolar walls
64
walking pneumoniae symptoms
nonproductive cough, fever, and headache | radiographic scatter pneumonia
65
who gets walking pneumoniae real bad
immune deficiences sickle cell downs
66
what is common with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pharyngitis and ototis
67
roll of CARDS toxin in wlaking pneumoniae
interferes with ciliary action and causes nuclear vacuolization and fragmentation of tracheal epithelial cells leading to inflammation and desquamation the mucosa (ADP-ribosylating)
68
commonality of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
10%
69
who is Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection spread
droplet with a small dose (100 orgs)
70
who gets Mycoplasma pneumoniae
teenagers families and closed communites throughout the year
71
immune response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
T and B cell - mediate to help stop reinfection
72
when complement-fixing serum antibodies titers reach their peak
2-4 weeks after infection and disappear over 6-12 months
73
what does the • Nonspecific immune responses to the glycolipids of the outer membrane of the organism from mycoplasma pneumoniae cause
cold agglutinins, IgM, hemolysis and | Raynaud phenomena
74
diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae
culture and staiing doesnt work: slow growth and n cell wall serologic test using complement fixation( • Single high CF or cold hemagglutinins IgM-specific antibody titer supports diagnosis, however, cold hemagglutinins are nonspecific) PCR for rapid and specific diagnosis
75
when doing culture and staining, if there is none, what do you have
viral or mycoplasma etioloty
76
treating mycoplasma pneumoniae
macrolides doxycyclin fluoroquinolones no vaccine
77
what other mycoplama and ureaplasma can cause STD's
Mycoplasma genitaliumand two species of Ureaplasma are leading candidates to join Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis as causes of sexually transmitted` genital infection
78
morphology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
``` slim, poor staining bacilli whave acid fastness (red carbol fuchsin through the decolorization setp obliagte aerobe no spores nonmotile ```
79
where do Mycobacterium tuberculosis live
``` animal host (pathogen) environment (no pathogen) ```
80
why are Mycobacteria unique
lipid rich cell wall
81
how does TB manifest
systemic , but only shown in the most exposed people | shows after a long period of asymptomatic
82
symptoms of active TB
chronic pneumonia, fever, cough, bloody sputum, and weight loss
83
What does TB do once it leaves the Lung
central nervous gets fucked up
84
how does one get TB
inhalation of droplet nuclei carying the organism | 1 cough can generate 3000 infected droplet nuclei, and you only need 10 bacilli to initate a pulmonary infection
85
imunity against TB
High initate immunity TH1 immunity important Cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes also
86
diagnosis of TB
acid fast stains PCR Tubercullin test Qauntiferon gold
87
drugs for TB
first line: isoniazide, ethambutol, rifampin,pyrazinamine second line: para-aminosalicylic acid, ethionamide, cycloserine, fluorquinolones BCG vaccine protetive afainst meningeal TB and Efficacy angainst pulmonary TB varies

micro immuno 2 (8 decks)

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