Anisometropia and Aniseikonia

Question 1

A condition in which the refractive status of one eye differs from that the other.

Answer 1

Anisometropia

Question 2

A form of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the other hyperopic.

Answer 2

Antimetropia

Question 3

The condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power. One eye may be myopic (nearsighted) and the other hyperopic (farsighted) or one eye may be markedly stronger than the other.

Answer 3

ANISOMETROPIA or ASYMMETROPIA

Question 4

this occurs because of differential growth of the eyeball of both eyes. It is hereditary in origin.

Answer 4

Congenital Anisometropia

Question 5

created by trauma, pathology or the results of systemic changes.

Answer 5

Acquired Anisometropia

Question 6

It is a condition in which the refractive power of the two eyes is unequal.

Answer 6

Absolute anisometropia

Question 7

It is that type of refractive anomaly in which although the total refraction of the two eyes is equal, the component elements in each show relatively large differences. In other words, the total refraction of the two eyes can be equal, but the axial length may be different.

Answer 7

Relative anisometropia

Question 8

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where one eye is normal and the other is either hypermetropic or myopic.

Answer 8

Simple Absolute Anisometropia

Question 9

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where both eyes are ametropic either hyperopic or myopic, but one eye has a higher refractive error.

Answer 9

Compound Absolute Anisometropia

Question 10

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where both eyes are ametropic either hyperopic or myopic, but one eye has a higher refractive error.

Answer 10

Compound Absolute Anisometropia

Question 11

In this both eyes are ametropic. One eye is hyperopic and the other is myopic. This is called antimetropia.

Answer 11

Mixed Absolute Anisometropia

Question 12

when one eye is normal and the other has either myopic or hyperopic astigmatism.

Answer 12

Simple Astigmatic Anisometropia

Question 13

when both eyes are astigmatic but of unequal degree.

Answer 13

Compound Astigmatic Anisometropia

Question 14

If the anisometropia is high and the eyes have a good visual acuity, the patient gets into the habit of using the hypermetropic eye for distance and the myopic eye for near vision.

Answer 14

Alternating Vision

Question 15

In small degrees of anisometropia , this occurs. If there is a difference of more than 5D between the two eyes, the patient loses binocularity.

Answer 15

binocular vision

Question 16

If the defect in one eye is high and if its visual acuity is not good, the eye can be excluded altogether from vision and the eye becomes amblyopic.

Answer 16

Amblyopia

Question 17

A concomitant convergent squint occurs in children with the eye having the defect becoming convergent.

Answer 17

Strabismus

Question 18

It is a serious concern in newborns and young children because it can lead to amblyopia (impaired vision in one eye).

Answer 18

Anisometropia

Question 19

This is when a person has double vision

Answer 19

Diplopia

Question 20

It is a clinical test mainly used for assessing a patient’s degree of “binocular vision” and “binocular single vision”.

Answer 20

Worth-4-Light test

Question 21

Tests for amblyopia

Answer 21

LEA Vision Test System

Question 22

Test for suppression

Answer 22

Worth-4-dot test

Question 23

A red reflex is when light is transmitted through the transparent portions of the eye and reflects off the retina, creating a reddish orange reflection in the eyes.

Answer 23

iScreen Vision

Question 24

The various modes of optical treatment and management are:

Answer 24

Spectacles

Contact lenses

Question 25

The corrective spectacles can be tolerated up to maximum difference of 4D. Higher than that, diplopia may occur.

Answer 25

Spectacles

Question 26

advised for higher degrees of anisometropia.

Answer 26

Contact Lens

Question 27

for uniocular aphakia

Answer 27

IOL implantation

Question 28

for unilateral high myopia, astigmatism, and hypermetropia

Answer 28

Refractive corneal surgery

Question 29

It is a binocular condition, so the image in one eye is perceived as different in size compared to the image in the other eye.

Answer 29

Aniseikonia

Question 30

He commented upon the probability of unequal image sizes.

Answer 30

Donders

Question 31

Discussed the possibility (1903)

Answer 31

C.Hess

Question 32

Designed iseikonic lenses for aniseikonia

Answer 32

Von Rohr

Question 33

Condition in which ocular images are unequal in size and shape

Answer 33

Aniseikonia

Question 34

Lenses which correct aniseikonia and include also the correction of refractive error.

Answer 34

Iseikonic Lenses

Question 35

It is when eyes are gazing in a certain direction | and images are different in size

Answer 35

Static Aniseikonia

Question 36

When eyes have to rotate a different amount to gaze at the same point in space

Answer 36

Dynamic Aniseikonia

Question 37

The size of one ocular image is symmetrically larger that the other.

Answer 37

Overall Symmetrical

Question 38

the size of one ocular image is symmetrically larger that the other in one meridian only; Axis 90, Axis 180, Axis oblique

Answer 38

Meridional Symmetrical

Question 39

combination of overall and meridional is manifested.

Answer 39

Compound Symmetrical

Question 40

Image distortion increases progressively in both directions

Answer 40

Pincushion

Question 41

Image distortion decreases progressively in both directions

Answer 41

Barrel

Question 42

Image difference increases progressively in one direction

Answer 42

Prismatic

Question 43

Image size remains the same but there occurs an oblique distortion of shape

Answer 43

Oblique

Question 44

Based on binocular space perception

Answer 44

SPACE EIKONOMETRIC METHOD

Question 45

Based on directly comparing perceived image sizes between the two eyes

Answer 45

DIRECT COMPARISON METHOD

Question 46

instrument for measuring aniseikonia

Answer 46

Space Eikonometer

Question 47

uses as a target a cross with a small white disc at the center of a black square at its intersection

Answer 47

direct comparison (or standard eikonometer)

Question 48

3 commercially available direct comparison tests

Answer 48

1. New Aniseikonia Test (Awaya Test) 2. Basic Aniseikonia Test (version 1) 3. Aniseikonia Inspector (version 3)

Question 49

The Awaya test for Aniseikonia provides a manual method to detect and calibrate the Aniseikonic condition.

Answer 49

New Aniseikonia Test

Question 50

it is an easy-to-use Windows software program to test the aniseikonia of a patient. It uses of red-green glasses

Answer 50

Basic Aniseikonia Test (version 1)

Question 51

is a Windows software program for the clinical management of aniseikonia. It contains: an advanced aniseikonic test a design tool to calculate corecting prescriptions (aniseikonia and anisophoria corrections)

Answer 51

Aniseikonia Inspector (version 3)

Question 52

The patient's task is to simply identify for each presentation which comparison target is perceived as

Answer 52

larger

Question 53

Symptoms:

Answer 53

``` Headache Asthenopia (fatigue, burning, tearing, pain, pulling, etc.) Photophobia Reading difficulty Nausea ```

Question 54

Especially with anisometropia it has been shown that this solution (but not always) give less aniseikonia than regular spectacle lenses. 

Answer 54

Optical solution 1: Contact Lenses only

Question 55

This is the classic aniseikonia correction.  Optical magnification changes are induced by changing the shape of the spectacle lenses (curvature, thickness) and/or the distance of the lenses to the eyes. 

Answer 55

Optical Solution 2: Glasses only, good VA

Question 56

Altering the refractive power of one of the spectacle lenses.  As a consequence the image is blurred in one eye, reducing the effective VA in that eye.

Answer 56

Optical solution 3: Glasses only, compromised VA

Question 57

This solution is similar to solution 3, but now one contact lens is added to restore the compromised visual acuity.

Answer 57

Optical Solution 4: Contact-Glasses Combination

Question 58

If an optical correction is not possible or does not provide enough correction, a __ may still be tried

Answer 58

partial occlusion

Question 59

Instead of occluding part of the visual field, another approach could be to occlude the whole visual field, but with a partial ____

Answer 59

transparent foil.