Anitfungal Agents

Question 1

This pathogenic fungus invades keratinized structures and is the cause of tinea pedis, tinea corporis, or tinea unguium.

Answer 1

dermatophytes

Question 2

What is the cause of Pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 2

Malassezia furfur

Question 3

What is the cause of sportrichosis?

Answer 3

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 4

What endemic mycoses causes summer flu and clinical symptoms that resemble TB pneumonia?

Answer 4

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 5

What endemic mycoses causes fever, night sweats, weight loss and/or pulmonary symptoms?

Answer 5

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 6

What produces fever, productive cough, chest pain and extreme fatigue?

Answer 6

coccidiodes immitis

Question 7

What produces destruction of facial features? (captain’s wheel)

Answer 7

Paracoccidiodes neoformans

Question 8

What causes vulvovaginitis, oral thrush and esophageal candidiasis?

Answer 8

Candida albicans

Question 9

What fungus could cause meningioencephalitis?

Answer 9

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 10

What fungus could initially present as a sinus infection?

Answer 10

Aspergillus fumigates

Question 11

What causes headaches and orbital cellulitis?

Answer 11

Mucor rhizopus

Question 12

What would produce headache, non-productive cough, respiratory failure and/or cyanosis?

Answer 12

Pneumocysts jiroveci

Question 13

How would you treat dermatophytes?

Answer 13

Topical: Miconazole, Clotrimazole

Oral: Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole, (Itraconazole)

Question 14

How would you treat Sporothrix schenckii?

Answer 14

Itraconazole

Question 15

How would you treat Histoplasma capsulatum?

Answer 15

Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Amphotericin B

Question 16

How would you treat Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Answer 16

Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Amphotericin B

Question 17

How would you treat Coccidiodes immitis?

Answer 17

Amphotericine B + Flucytosine
Later Fluconazole
(ketoconazole, Itraconazole)

Question 18

How would you treat Candida albincans?

Answer 18

Nystatin (cutaneous)
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Clotrimazole (topical and Vaginal suppositories)

Question 19

How would you treat Aspergillus?

Answer 19

Amphotericin B
Voriconazole (for invasive)
Caspofungin (for Amp B resistant Aspergillus)

Question 20

How would you treat Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 20

Amphotericin B + flucytosine initially

followed by fluconazole

Question 21

How would you treat Mucor/Rhizopus?

Answer 21

Ampthotericin B

Question 22

How would you treat Pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 22

TMP/SMX

Question 23

What are the major classes of antifungal drugs?

Answer 23

Polyenes
Allylamines
Azoles
Echinocandins
Pyrimidine inhibitor

Question 24

What is the mechanism of action of Polyenes and give examples?

Answer 24

bind to ergosterol and disrupt cell membrane

Amphotericin B
Nystatin

Question 25

What is the mechanism of action of Allylamines and give an example?

Answer 25

block ergosterol synthesis in cell membrane Terbinafine

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action of Azoles and give examples?

Answer 26

block ergosterol synthesis in cell membrane ``` Ketoconazole Itraconazole Fluconazole Voriconazole Clotrimazole ```

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action of Echinocandins and give an example?

Answer 27

inhibit glucon synthase causing cell wall synthesis inhibition

Question 28

What is the mechanism of action of Pyrimidine inhibitors and give an example?

Answer 28

Flucytosine