Anki Flashcards
(136 cards)
<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is geothermal energy?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is geothermal energy?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Heat from inside the Earth</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy geothermal</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is hydropower?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is hydropower?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Energy from flowing water</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy hydropower</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is biomass?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is biomass?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Energy from organic materials</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">biomass energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is a key trait of coal?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is a key trait of coal?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>High CO₂ emissions</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">coal energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is crude oil refined into?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is crude oil refined into?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Gasoline and diesel</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy oil</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is a characteristic of natural gas?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is a characteristic of natural gas?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Cleaner than coal</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy natural_gas</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What does nuclear energy use?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What does nuclear energy use?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Uranium</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy nuclear</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is an example of wind energy?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is an example of wind energy?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Wind turbines in Texas</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy wind</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What do coal-fired power plants emit per tonne of coal burned?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What do coal-fired power plants emit per tonne of coal burned?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>About 2.5 tonnes of CO₂.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">coal energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What does the <strong>law of conservation of energy</strong> state?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What does the <strong>law of conservation of energy</strong> state?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">conservation energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is an example of <strong>energy transfer</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is an example of <strong>energy transfer</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Kicking a ball transfers kinetic energy from your foot to the ball.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy transfer</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What happens during <strong>energy transformation</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What happens during <strong>energy transformation</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Energy changes form, such as electrical energy converting to heat energy in a toaster.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy transformation</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>How is <strong>energy efficiency</strong> defined?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>How is <strong>energy efficiency</strong> defined?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>It measures how much input energy is converted into useful output energy.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">efficiency energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is an example of <strong>input and output energy</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is an example of <strong>input and output energy</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>A laptop transforms electrical energy input into light, sound, and heat output.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy input output</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>energy efficiency</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>energy efficiency</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Efficiency = (Useful Output Energy / Total Input Energy) × 100%</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">calculation efficiency energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is <strong>friction</strong> in terms of energy loss?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is <strong>friction</strong> in terms of energy loss?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Friction causes surfaces to resist motion, resulting in heat loss.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy friction loss</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What does <strong>air resistance</strong> do?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What does <strong>air resistance</strong> do?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>It slows down moving objects, causing energy loss as heat and sound.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">air_resistance energy loss</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is the effect of <strong>electrical resistance</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is the effect of <strong>electrical resistance</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>It resists the flow of electric current, causing energy loss as heat.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">electrical_resistance energy loss</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is the energy loss due to <strong>sound</strong>?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is the energy loss due to <strong>sound</strong>?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Some energy turns into vibrations heard as sound waves, causing loss.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy loss sound</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What happens during <strong>heat loss</strong> in engines?</p></div>
</div>
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<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What happens during <strong>heat loss</strong> in engines?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Engines and appliances get hot while operating, wasting energy.</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy heat loss</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is energy lost as in a car engine?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is energy lost as in a car engine?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Thermal energy</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">efficiency energy</div>
</div>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is a practical method to improve energy efficiency?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is a practical method to improve energy efficiency?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Use insulation</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">efficiency energy</div>
</div>
<script>
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<script>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>How does thermal insulation work?</p></div>
</div>
<script>
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<script>
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deckEl.innerHTML = html.join(" / ");
</script>
" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>How does thermal insulation work?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Traps heat in the house</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy insulation</div>
</div>
<script>
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<script>
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<div>
<div>[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div><p>What is lubrication used for in energy efficiency?</p></div>
</div>
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" "
<div class="prettify-flashcard">
<div class="prettify-deck">[anki-decks.com]::Science half yearly 2025 revision 1</div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--front"><p>What is lubrication used for in energy efficiency?</p></div>
<div class="prettify-divider prettify-divider--answer" id="answer"></div>
<div class="prettify-field prettify-field--back"><p>Reduces friction on bike chains</p></div>
<div class="prettify-tags">energy friction</div>
</div>
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Name a renewable energy source.
Name a renewable energy source.
Solar energy
How does solar energy convert energy?
How does solar energy convert energy?
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity
What process does wind energy use to generate electricity?
What process does wind energy use to generate electricity?
Wind turns turbine blades
How is geothermal energy converted?
How is geothermal energy converted?
Heat warms water to create steam
How does hydropower generate electricity?
How does hydropower generate electricity?
Flowing water turns a turbine
What happens during biomass energy conversion?
What happens during biomass energy conversion?
Organic material is burned or digested
What does flowing or falling water do in energy generation?
What does flowing or falling water do in energy generation?
Turns a turbine → spins a generator → produces electricity.
How is biomass used to generate electricity?
How is biomass used to generate electricity?
Organic material is burned or digested → releases heat or gas → turns a turbine or engine → generates electricity.
What process does coal undergo to generate electricity?
What process does coal undergo to generate electricity?
Coal is burned → heats water to make steam → steam turns a turbine → drives a generator.
How is crude oil converted to electricity?
How is crude oil converted to electricity?
Refined oil is burned → creates steam or gas pressure → turns turbines → generates electricity.
What happens in the process of nuclear fission?
What happens in the process of nuclear fission?
Uranium atoms split → releases heat → boils water into steam → spins turbine → generates electricity.
What is nuclear fusion?
What is nuclear fusion?
Joining two light atomic nuclei → forms a heavier nucleus → releases a large amount of energy.
What are the benefits of renewable energy sources?
What are the benefits of renewable energy sources?
- Environmentally friendly
- Sustainable
- Low running costs
What are the drawbacks of renewable energy sources?
What are the drawbacks of renewable energy sources?
- Weather-dependent
- High upfront cost
- Storage issues
What are the benefits of non-renewable energy sources?
What are the benefits of non-renewable energy sources?
- Reliable and efficient
- Cheaper to set up
- On-demand power
What are the drawbacks of non-renewable energy sources?
What are the drawbacks of non-renewable energy sources?
- Pollution and CO₂
- Finite resources
- Environmental damage
What percentage of global electricity was generated by wind and solar in 2023?
What percentage of global electricity was generated by wind and solar in 2023?
Over 12%.
How much of France's electricity comes from nuclear power?
How much of France's electricity comes from nuclear power?
About 70%.
How much has the cost of solar panels dropped since 2010?
How much has the cost of solar panels dropped since 2010?
Over 80%.
What technological advancement helps balance supply and demand for renewables?
What technological advancement helps balance supply and demand for renewables?
Smart grids.
What is the impact of carbon capture technology?
What is the impact of carbon capture technology?
Reduces emissions from fossil fuels, making them cleaner.
What economic consideration affects the choice of energy sources?
What economic consideration affects the choice of energy sources?
Fossil fuels are often cheaper in the short term.
What is electrical current?
What is electrical current?
The flow of electric charge through an electrical conductor, typically a wire made of metal. Electrons move, carrying energy that transforms into other forms as they pass through devices like lightbulbs.
What is an electrical circuit?
What is an electrical circuit?
A path along which electrons travel to deliver energy. It includes an energy source, energy user, and wires to connect the components.
What do electrons do in an electric circuit?
What do electrons do in an electric circuit?
Electrons carry energy and power devices like lightbulbs as they move through the circuit.
What is voltage?
What is voltage?
The potential difference between two points in a circuit, driving the flow of electric charge. Measured in volts (V).
How is current defined?
How is current defined?
The flow of electric charge through a circuit, measured in amperes (A).
How is current measured?
How is current measured?
Using an ammeter connected in series with the circuit to measure how much charge flows per second.
What is resistance?
What is resistance?
The opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit, affecting how easily current can flow.
What factors affect resistance?
What factors affect resistance?
Material, length, and thickness of a conductor.
What is the unit of measurement for voltage?
What is the unit of measurement for voltage?
Volts (V).
What is the relationship between voltage and current?
What is the relationship between voltage and current?
Voltage drives the flow of current; higher voltage pushes more electrons through the circuit.
What is resistance in electrical terms?
What is resistance in electrical terms?
Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of electric current through a conductor.
How does material affect resistance?
How does material affect resistance?
Conductors like copper have low resistance; insulators like rubber have high resistance.
How does the length of a wire affect resistance?
How does the length of a wire affect resistance?
Longer wires have more resistance; shorter wires have less resistance.
How does thickness affect resistance?
How does thickness affect resistance?
Thicker wires have less resistance; thinner wires have more resistance.
How does temperature affect resistance?
How does temperature affect resistance?
Higher temperatures increase resistance; lower temperatures decrease resistance.
What is Ohm's Law?
What is Ohm's Law?
Ohm's Law states that voltage (V) = current (I) × resistance (R).
What is the unit for voltage?
What is the unit for voltage?
Voltage is measured in volts (V).
What is the unit for current?
What is the unit for current?
Current is measured in Amperes (A).
What is the unit for resistance?
What is the unit for resistance?
Resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω).
What happens to current if voltage increases while resistance stays constant?
What happens to current if voltage increases while resistance stays constant?
Current increases proportionally with voltage if resistance is constant.
What happens to current if resistance increases while voltage stays constant?
What happens to current if resistance increases while voltage stays constant?
Current decreases if resistance increases while voltage is constant.
What happens to current if voltage decreases while resistance stays constant?
What happens to current if voltage decreases while resistance stays constant?
Current decreases proportionally if voltage decreases while resistance is constant.
What is the relationship between current and voltage?
What is the relationship between current and voltage?
If current stays constant, increased resistance means voltage must increase.
What is the relationship between voltage and resistance?
What is the relationship between voltage and resistance?
If voltage stays constant, increased resistance means current will decrease.
What is the conclusion about voltage and current?
What is the conclusion about voltage and current?
Reducing voltage causes the current to reduce proportionally.
What is the voltage with a 5Ω resistor and 2A current?
What is the voltage with a 5Ω resistor and 2A current?
V = 10V
What is the voltage with a 10Ω resistor and 2A current?
What is the voltage with a 10Ω resistor and 2A current?
V = 20V
What is a series circuit?
What is a series circuit?
Components are connected end-to-end in a single path.
What is a parallel circuit?
What is a parallel circuit?
Components are connected across multiple paths.
How does voltage behave in a series circuit?
How does voltage behave in a series circuit?
Voltage is shared equally across components.
What happens if one bulb blows in a series circuit?
What happens if one bulb blows in a series circuit?
Current stops; all bulbs go out.
What happens if one bulb blows in a parallel circuit?
What happens if one bulb blows in a parallel circuit?
Only the affected branch is affected; others remain lit.
How can you measure voltage and current in circuits?
How can you measure voltage and current in circuits?
Using a voltmeter and ammeter correctly.
What is energy transformation?
What is energy transformation?
Measuring changes like temperature increase or power usage.
What do energy star ratings indicate?
What do energy star ratings indicate?
Help consumers make informed choices about energy efficiency.
What do Energy Star ratings help consumers with?
What do Energy Star ratings help consumers with?
They help consumers make informed choices about energy-efficient appliances and calculate potential energy savings.
How do you calculate the annual running cost of an appliance?
How do you calculate the annual running cost of an appliance?
Annual running cost = total energy consumption (kWh) x electricity tariff (kWh).
What does more Energy Star ratings indicate?
What does more Energy Star ratings indicate?
More efficient compared to similar models, using less energy and lowering consumer bills.
What are the key factors determining Energy Star ratings?
What are the key factors determining Energy Star ratings?
- Energy consumption
- Efficiency
- Environmental impact
Why is measuring energy criteria important?
Why is measuring energy criteria important?
It promotes sustainability and reduces energy costs.
What are strategies to optimise energy use?
What are strategies to optimise energy use?
- Increase energy efficiency
- Use renewable energy sources
- Reduce waste in energy systems
What are key reasons for developing alternative energy sources?
What are key reasons for developing alternative energy sources?
- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
- Address resource depletion
- Ensure energy security
How do alternative energy sources help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
How do alternative energy sources help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
They produce little to no greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels.
What is the significance of resource depletion in energy sourcing?
What is the significance of resource depletion in energy sourcing?
Fossil fuels are non-renewable; alternative sources are renewable and sustainable.
How can countries ensure energy security?
How can countries ensure energy security?
By developing local alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on imports.
What trends can be identified in the adoption of solar energy?
What trends can be identified in the adoption of solar energy?
There is a steady increase in the use of solar power worldwide.
What is the trend in solar energy adoption?
What is the trend in solar energy adoption?
- Steady increase in use
- Rapid growth in PV capacity
- Driven by falling costs and technology improvements
- Leading countries: China, USA, India
Which countries are leading in wind energy growth?
Which countries are leading in wind energy growth?
- Germany
- UK
- Denmark
What are the concerns about nuclear energy?
What are the concerns about nuclear energy?
- Safety issues
- Waste disposal
- High construction costs
What is the overall trend in energy sources?
What is the overall trend in energy sources?
- Shift towards cleaner energy
- Solar and wind expanding rapidly
- Nuclear remains a key part of the mix
What are the steps in the stimulus response pathway?
What are the steps in the stimulus response pathway?
- Stimulus detected by receptors
- Signal relayed by sensory neuron
- Relay neuron sends impulse to motor neuron
- Motor neuron activates effector
What are the components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What are the components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
- Brain: control center
- Spinal Cord: connects brain to body
What is the role of sensory neurons?
What is the role of sensory neurons?
- Carry messages from body to CNS
What is the role of motor neurons?
What is the role of motor neurons?
- Carry instructions from CNS to muscles and glands
What are the three main types of neurons?
What are the three main types of neurons?
- Sensory neurons
- Relay neurons
- Motor neurons
What do relay neurons do?
What do relay neurons do?
- Process impulses in brain and spinal cord
- Connect sensory and motor neurons
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Carries messages up and down the body.
What do dendrites do in a neuron?
What do dendrites do in a neuron?
Receive incoming impulses from other neurons.
What is contained in the cell body of a neuron?
What is contained in the cell body of a neuron?
The nucleus and organelles for metabolic processes.
What is a stimulus?
What is a stimulus?
An external change that triggers a response.
What are examples of stimuli?
What are examples of stimuli?
- Light
- Sound
- Touch
- Taste
- Smell
What is the sense organ for touch?
What is the sense organ for touch?
Skin
What do nerve endings in the skin detect?
What do nerve endings in the skin detect?
Touch, pain, pressure, and temperature.
What is the sense organ for sound?
What is the sense organ for sound?
Ear
How do ears detect sound?
How do ears detect sound?
They convert sound energy into electrical impulses.
What is the sense organ for smell?
What is the sense organ for smell?
Nose
How do olfactory cells work?
How do olfactory cells work?
Trigger nerve impulses to send messages to the brain.
What is the sense organ for sight?
What is the sense organ for sight?
Eye
What is contained in the retina?
What is contained in the retina?
Over 100 million light-sensitive cells.
What is the sense organ for taste?
What is the sense organ for taste?
Tongue
What do taste buds do?
What do taste buds do?
Detect food tastes and send messages to the brain.
What is a reflex action?
What is a reflex action?
An automatic response to stimuli that does not involve the brain.
What is the function of a reflex response?
What is the function of a reflex response?
Protection from harm.
What mediates a reflex action?
What mediates a reflex action?
The spinal cord.
What improves the reliability of an experiment?
What improves the reliability of an experiment?
Repeating the experiment multiple times.
What is accuracy in experiments?
What is accuracy in experiments?
How close results are to the true value.
What improves the validity of an experiment?
What improves the validity of an experiment?
Controlling independent, dependent, and control variables.
What defines a valid experiment?
What defines a valid experiment?
- Clear method
- Controls all relevant variables
- Uses appropriate equipment
How can you improve validity in an experiment?
How can you improve validity in an experiment?
- Control independent, dependent, and control variables
- Avoid bias or interference
What is the formula for energy efficiency?
What is the formula for energy efficiency?
Useful energy output / Total energy input
What happens to current in a circuit with two globes?
What happens to current in a circuit with two globes?
The current splits between the two globes
What is the voltage supplied to both globes?
What is the voltage supplied to both globes?
6V
How is voltage divided between two globes?
How is voltage divided between two globes?
Each globe receives 3V
What is the flow chart sequence from stimulus to response?
What is the flow chart sequence from stimulus to response?
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neuron → Central Nervous System → Motor neuron → Effector → Response
What are the components of a neuron?
What are the components of a neuron?
- Myelin sheath
- Axon
- Cell body
- Dendrites
What are the five senses?
What are the five senses?
- Sight
- Hearing
- Touch
- Taste
- Smell
What is the stimulus for the sense of sight?
What is the stimulus for the sense of sight?
Light
What type of receptor is used for hearing?
What type of receptor is used for hearing?
Mechanoreceptors (hairs in cochlea)
What type of receptor detects taste?
What type of receptor detects taste?
Tastebuds
What type of receptor detects odours?
What type of receptor detects odours?
Olfactory nerves inside the nose
