anki_cleaned_no_linebreaks Flashcards
(244 cards)
1
Q
AV fistula complications… 1. Bruits? 2. Limb pain?
A
Bruits = stenosis Limb pain = thrombosis
2
Q
Persistent hypoglycaemia in sulphonylurea overdose?
A
Ocreotide - blocks insulin secretion
3
Q
Weber’s syndrome. Location and features?
A
Posterior cerebral artery. Contralateral weakness + ipsilateral CNIII palsy
4
Q
Treatment options for metastatic bone pain?
A
Opioids, radio, bisphosphonates Denosumab
5
Q
Acute opioid toxicity presentation
A
Miotic pupils, mast cell degranulation so flush and pruritis, myoclonus, altered mental state
6
Q
First line treatment for OA
A
Muscle strengthening and aerobic exercise, paracetamol and topical NSAIDs
7
Q
What causes thunderstorm asthma?
A
Sudden pressure changes cause pollen and spores to release
8
Q
What causes trigeminal neuralgia and how can it be treated?
A
Compression of trigeminal nerve by surrounding blood vessels, can do microvascular decompression
9
Q
Investigation for spontaneous intracranial hypotension
A
MRI with gadolinium CSF leak causes symptoms
10
Q
Diagnosis? Rapidly growing and painful
A
SCC with cutaeneous horn
11
Q
Investigation for acute intermittent porphyria
A
urinary porphobilinogen
12
Q
Diffuse oeseophageal spasms treatment
A
Corkscrew barium swallow CCB and nitrates Pneumatic dilation if above fails
13
Q
Fish tank granuloma bacteria
A
Mycobacterium marinum
14
Q
Treatment of wilsons disease (and if penicillin allergy)
A
Penicillamine (copper chelation) Trientine
15
Q
What is dumping syndrome and what are the features?
A
Post gastric bypass surgery where food is dumped straight into intestine Early: diarrhoea and abdo pain. intestine distends and vasomotors symptoms: flushing, sweating A few hours later: hypos since there’s a sudden insulin release
16
Q
Treatment for PCP?
A
Co-trimoxazole Add steroids if moderate to severe
17
Q
Antibodies associated with myaesthenia gravis
A
85% anti acetylcholine antibodies 40% anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies (MUSK) In anti-acetylcholine receptor negative cases, response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (such as pyridostigmine) tends to be worse.
18
Q
Treatment of myxoedema coma?
A
Levothyroxine (T4) + Liothyronine (T3) Add hydrocortisone if adrenal insufficiency
19
Q
TSH levels post thyroid cancer surgery?
A
You want to suppress! Trying to prevent the thyroid tissues from being stimulated at all by the TSH. If patients are treated with levothyroxine and asymptomatic, leave on their normal dose as long as TSH
20
Q
How to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis
A
Skin biopsy
21
Q
What’s Roflumilast used for?
A
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor in severe COPD AND maxed out on triple therapy
22
Q
Pulmonary nodule follow up
8mm
A
8mm = CT PET
23
Q
Mono ocular lesion, where is the infarct?
A
Anterior to optic chiasm
24
Q
Blood products for Hogkins lymphoma?
A
Irradiated cells for life
25
What does echogenicity on US mean?
abnormal tissue characteristics
26
What type of cardiomyopathy does amyloid cause?
Restrictive, amyloid deposits in wall
27
Causes of nephrotic syndrome?
MMF: Membraneous, Minimal change, FSGS + amyloid
28
Whats myoedema?
'mounding' of muscle when struck by tendon hammer seen in rabies
29
What vaccines do patients with chronic respiratory conditions get?
23-valent unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and the influenza vaccine pneumococcal every 5 years if hyposplenic, otherwise 1 off
30
IE : initial blind therapy for...
Native valve?
Pen allergy?
Prosthetic valve?
Native valve = amoxicillin +/- gent Pen allergy = vanc + gent Prosthetic valve = vanc + rifampicin + gent
31
Native valve IE treatment for staph?
Flucloxacillin
32
Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by staphylococci?
Flucloxacillin + rifampicin + gent
33
Endocarditis caused by fully-sensitive streptococci
Benzylpenicillin
34
Endocarditis caused by less sensitive streptococci
Benzylpenicillin + low-dose gentamicin
35
Diagnostic test for acromegaly?
Serum IGF-1 OGTT used to be used, glucose should suppress GH but doesn't in acromegaly - less useful that IGF-1
36
MS acute relapse treatment
IV methylpred
37
2 first line DMARDs for reducing relapses in MS?
Natalizumab and Ocrelizumab
38
Treatment for fatigue in MS?
Look for other problems (e.g. anaemia, thyroid or depression) Then trial amantidine
39
First line treatment for spasticity in MS?
Baclofen and gabapentin
40
Treatment in MS: Oscillopsia (visual fields appear to oscillate)
Gabapentin
41
Treatment for bladder dysfunction in MS?
Bladder US Incomplete emptying = ISC Complete emptying = anticholinergics
42
Treatment for Hereditary angioedema?
IV C1-inhibitor concentrate or fresh frozen plasma
43
DKA, when do you start administering IV dextrose?
If DKA still not resolved (acidosis and ketones) but BM
44
Meningitis
Where is A found?
Where are B and C found?
Type A - Arabia, Africa Type B,C - Europe, South America
45
What is Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis?
What can trigger attacks?
AD disorder where people have hours of paralysis and hypokalaemia Can be brought on by carbs
46
Treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome
IVIG
47
Treatment for Myaesthenia gravis
crisis : plasmapheresis or IVIG normal : acetylcholinesterase inhibitors eg pyridostigmine
48
Acute treatment for hepatorenal syndrome
terlipressin with albumin infusion
49
Poor prognostic factors in CLL
male age >70 lymph count >50 TP53 mutation 17p chromosome deletion
50
Which nephrotic syndrome is linked to malignancies?
membranous nephropathy
51
African trypanosomiasis investigations and rationale?
Blood film shows presence of pathogen Chancre? Biopsy it / aspirate it LP shows if there is CNS involvement which will inform treatment choice
52
Treatment for asthmatics in SVT?
Verapamil Adenosine causes bronchospasm
53
Treatment for cystinuria
Hydration and urinary alkalisation (using sodium bicarbonate) if urine is very acidotic If these two things are not a problem, D-penicillamine chelates
54
In CKD and secondary hyperPTH, at what level of PTH do you start supplementing calcium and vit Dause
twice upper limit of normal Before this, could cause adynamic bone disease
55
What antibodies are associated with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Anti SMA ANA
56
What blood tests and when to prove anaphylaxis?
Mast tryptase immediately and then 1-2 hours later
57
PBC associated disease?
Sjogrens 80% RA Systemic sclerosis
58
Drug causes of pulmonary eosinophilia
Nitrofurantoin, sulphonamides
59
What's Loffler's syndrome?
transient CXR shadowing and blood eosinophilia fever, cough, night sweats for
60
Features of Transient Global Amnesia
Repetitive questions
61
First line DMARDs for Crohns and which test do you need to do before hand?
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine TPMT important to test first. If low, go with methotrexate
62
Drugs to avoid in HOCM
Nitrates ACEi Inotropes
63
Difference between Type 1 and 2 Hepatorenal syndrome?
Type 1 - rapid drop in renal function over days. Very poor prognosis Type 2 - slower drop in renal function over weeks. Poor prognosis but may live longer
64
How to distinguish pseudo-cushings from cushings?
Insulin stress test
65
Which antiemetic to avoid in ACS / acute heart failure?
Cyclizine - can induce heart failure
66
Features of adult onset Still's disease
maculopapular rash arthralgia fever in late afternoons RF and ANA negative
67
First line imaging for myeloma
Whole body MRI
68
Treatment for OSA
Weight loss Mod - severe = CPAP mandibular splint if CPAP not tolerated
69
Antibody associated with CREST / diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Anti-scl-70
70
Which drugs can cause pancreatitis?
Mesalazine > sulpasalazine, azathioprine, steroids, furosemide
71
Difference between primum and secundum ASD?
Primum is low septum nearer the ventricle and secundum is mid atria
72
What is 123I-FP-CIT SPECT used for?
Differentiates between essential tremor and parkinsons
73
What monitoring is offered to pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Annual retinal photography to monitor for proliferative changes
74
Risk if clarithroymycin co-prescribed with statin?
Rhabdomyolysis
75
Associations with Type II cryoglobulinaemia?
Hepatitis C
76
What is ranibizumab used for?
Anti-VEGF for proliferative retinopathy
77
Treatment for congenital Methaemoglobinaemia
(NADH methaemoglobin reductase deficiency)
Ascorbic acid
78
What's the most sensitive test for myaesthenia gravis?
Single fibre electromyography (920100% sensitive)
79
Imaging of choice in TIA
If suspicion of haemorrhage (anticoagulated) then CT Otherwise diffusion weighted MRI
80
What is Mepolizumab used for?
Treatment resistent asthma with high eosinophils
81
Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
Sodium stibogluconate
82
What does the X ray show?
Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament only sparing the segments C2/3 consistent with Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
83
influenza treatment in immunocompetent patient?influenza treatment in immunocompromised patient?
influenza treatment in immunocompetent patient: oseltamavirinfluenza treatment in immunocompromised patient: zanamavir
84
Acceptable increase in Cr on ACE
0.3
85
When is an IVC filter indicated?
Pre op in thrombosis if
86
Lymphoma picture with visual disturbance?
Investigations?
Waldenstroms (visual disturbance from hyperviscosity from increased protein) monoclonal IgM paraproteinaemia
87
Treatment for bile acid malabsorption post ileal resection?
cholestyramine
88
Tardive dyskinesia symptoms getting worse after withdrawal of antipsychotic?
Can be a paradoxical worsening for the first few weeks (eg lip smacking, haloperidol stopped and symptoms get worse)
89
Hypersegmented neutrophils?
B12 deficiency
90
Treatment for CMV retinitis?
IV ganciclovir
91
Risk factors for developing PJP?
HIV, also steroids use / immunocompromise
92
features of Schmidt's disease?
(type 2 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome) T1DM Addisons
93
What is pseudohypoparathyroidism?
AD inherited insensitivity to PTH Short stature Short 4th and 5th metacarpels learning difficulties Obseity High PTH, High phosphate, Low calcium
94
Cancer associated with cyclophosphamide?
TCC bladder
95
Whats canakinumab used for?
Adult onset still's disease Gout if intolerant to cochicine, NSAIDs, steroids
96
Autonomic dysreflexia - what is it?
Syndrome in spinal cord injury at, or above T6 spinal level constipation / retention can trigger sympathetic spinal reflex Need to remove the trigger and treat HTN / bradycardia
97
Whats Granuloma annulare
Linked with diabetes papular lesions that are often slightly hyperpigmented and depressed centrally
98
Features and treatment of Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Very slow progression of peripheral neuropathy Bit like GBS but slower Treatment is HIGH DOSE STEROIDS High protein in CSF
99
Diagnosis of Hashimotos? What else must you investigate for?
Addisons can often present with it so do short synacthen test
100
Opioids EOL in AKI?
Fentanyl patch Oxycodone can be used in moderate CKD but usually not modified release
101
Which cancer is associated with ectopic PTH?
Squamous cell cancer
102
Ferrous sulphate overdose symptoms?
liver failure corrosion on the gastrointestinal tract raised blood glucose significant haemolysis of samples Treatment : Desferrioxamine
103
How do you see good capture on ECG in paced pt?
by a 1:1 ratio between pacing spikes and subsequent QRS complexes
104
Indications for dapagliflozin?
Diabetes with any sign of CVD of HF
105
Associations with seborhoeic dermatitis
HIV Parkinsons
106
What is Tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis
Young females Eyes symptoms Positive urine dip fever and weight loss
107
Diabetes drugs associated with bladder cancer?
Thiazolidinediones eg pioglitazone
108
When to use Adrenal venous sampling?
distinguish between unilateral adrenal adenoma and bilateral hyperplasia Blood is checked for aldosterone levels Lots of adenomas are no functioning to scans are less helpful
109
When to start biologic in RA
patient has been on at least two DMARDs, including methotrexate, reporting two DAS 28 scores of greater than 5.1 at least one month apart
110
What ethnicity can widespread T wave inversion be a normal variant?
Afro-carribean
111
Diagnosis of insulinoma?
Supervised fasting CT pancreas Need to confirm hypo result, not just symptoms
112
Whats thyrotoxicosis factitia?
pt taking levothyroxine without indication globally reduced uptake on scan
113
First line drug for HTN in diabetes?
ACE inhibitor If not tolerated --> ARB
114
Ethylene glycol OD biochemistry?
Metabolic acidosis with high anion and high similar gap
115
Migraine prophylaxis treatment options
Propranolol (child bearing age) Topiramate Then try acupuncture Specialists may try candesartan
116
What prophylaxis should be prescribed alongside FCR for CLL?
Cotrimoxazole for PJP
117
Drugs that reduce seizure threshold
Mefenamic acid Quinolones Bupropion Aminophyline
118
What’s Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
excessive levels of gastrin secondary to a gastrin-secreting tumour. Tumour found in duodenum or pancreas
119
Antibodies for autoimmune hepatitis?
ANA ASMA IgG
120
Whats the pathophys of anti-GBM and how do you treat it?
Anti-GBM antibodies attack BM in kidneys and lungs REMOVE TRIGGER of antibody production STOP MORE antibodies with cyclophosphamide and methylpred REMOVE EXISTING antibodies with plasma exchange
121
Indications for starting treatment in CLL?
Bone marrow failure eg thrombocytopenia Massive splenomegaly >5cm or lymphadenopathy >10cm Haemolysis Constitutional symptoms Lymphocytes doubling in 6 months
122
morphine to fentayl patch conversion?
Divide daily morphine dose my 2.4 to get 72 hour patch dose
123
Bilateral spastic paresis and loss of pain and temperature sensation
anterior spinal artery occlusion
124
Gold standard for TB diagnosis?
Sputum culture - more sensitive than NAAT
125
How to interpret mantoux test?
5mm of induration - TB infection
126
When do you give IE prophylaxis before a procedure?
Prosthetic valves Prev IE Cardiac transplant Congenital heart disease with unrepaired defects
127
PBC diagnosis and management?
Immunology: IgM, AMA Imagine: MRCP Management: ursodeoxycholic acid slows progressioncholestyramine helps itch watch out for HCC and osteomalacia!
128
What drugs to avoid in cocaine toxicity?
Beta blockers
129
Treatment for HIV related toxo?
oral pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine
130
What effect does high serum protein / lipids have on sodium measurement?
Pseudohyponatraemia
131
Anti-dsDNA associations?
SLE
132
Psoriatic arthritis serology?
Seronegative, RF and CCP negative
133
Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis?
ANA and anti SMA Liver biopsy shows interface hepatitis
134
Stroke symptoms lower extremity > upper
Anterior cerebral artery
135
Location of stroke?
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparingVisual agnosia
Posterior cerebral artery
136
What's hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
SCC lung paraneoplastic syndrome
137
Mech of action for ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonists
138
What is reticulocytopaenia suggestive of?
Bone marrow failure
139
Patient follow up after SSRIs?
25yo = 2 weeks
140
Cardiac side effects of donepozil?
CI in bradycardia due to vasotonic effects
141
Treatment for guttate psoriasis
topical if symptomatic No need for abx
142
Whats filariasis and how is it treated?
parasite from mosquitoes can cause lymphoedema diethylcarbamazine
143
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL) on ECG
Short PR interval and normal QRS
144
acute angle closure glaucoma treatment
IV acetazolamide after 24 hours, iridotomy
145
haemolytic anaemia + gallstones?
spherocytosis
146
Treatment for phaeochromocytoma
alpha-blocker (e.g. phenoxybenzamine), given before beta-blocker (e.g. propranolol)
147
Schistosomiasis haematobium
S. mansoni and S japonicum, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum
Which organ do they effect?
Schistosomiasis haematobium - bladder S. mansoni and S japonicum, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum - bowel and liver
148
GCA alternative to steroids?
Methotrexate
149
First line insulin for T1DM
Basal bolus with BD insulin detemir
150
Associations / features in Von Hippel Lindau
AD condition predisposing neoplasia Phaeochromocytoma Cerebellar haemangiomas Clear cell renal carcinoma Retinal haemangiomas
151
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes
21-hydroxylase deficiency 11-beta hydroxylase deficiency features virilisation of female genitalia / precocious puberty in males
152
Fleicanide contraindications
Atrial flutter post MI structural heart disease
153
Possible causes of bubbling in the underwater seal in chest drain
bronchopleural fistula - often caused by empyema
154
morning headaches and lack of feeling refreshed after sleep in MND?
Suggestive of carbon dioxide retention - need NIV - confers a survival benefit
155
Whats seen in IgA deficiency
Reaction to blood transfusions False negative coeliac screen
156
Causes of encephalopathy with high ammonia
Liver disease (hepatic) Sodium valproate
157
Inherited long QT syndrome, sensorineural deafness?
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
158
Features of dengue
Retroorbital headache fever thrombocytopenia rash flushing
159
What's short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)?
Like trigeminal neuralgia but with autonomic symptoms
160
Investigations and management of GPA
epithelial crescents in Bowman's capsule cANCA steroids!! cyclophosphamide
161
Drug for hypertriglyceridaemia
Fenofibrate
162
Positive Interferon-gamma release antibody?
Latent TB
163
Treatment for latent TB?
3 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin, or 6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine)
164
melanoptysis?
Black sputum - pathognomonic of coal workers pneumoconiosis
165
What's Caplan's syndrome?
RA + respiratory problems in coal workers
166
Thrombolysis window?
4.5 hours
167
Benzo OD treatment caution?
Flumezanil can cause seizures so is often managed conservatively
168
Treatment if scleroderma with renal involvement?
ACE inhibitor - usually captopril
169
Frequency of colonoscopy if IBD + PBC?
Yearly
170
Whats Accelerated idioventricular rhythm?
Often occurs due to reperfusion of ischaemic ventricular tissue Is self limiting wide bizarre QRS No / irregular p waves normal rate Worry if the rate is not normal!
171
PCOS drug for infertility?
Clomifene > metformin
172
Coxiella Burnetti?
Q fever Farmers Transaminitis fever pneumonia Tx doxy
173
Presentation of diabetes and necrolytic migratory erythema?
Glucagonoma measure glucagon levels
174
Investigating metastatic disease of unknown primary?
FBC, U&E, LFT, calcium, AFP and hCG, LDH urinalysis Chest X-ray CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis
175
Anabolic steroid hormone profile?
increase in the testosterone:epitestosterone ratiotestosterone given exogenously but epitestosterone is not (usually is 1:1FSH and LH fall negative feedback from too much testosterone
176
itchy serpiginous linear lesion that has gradually spread 'like a snake'
Ancylostoma braziliense cutaneous larva migrans
177
UC flare not responding to IV steroids?
Add IV ciclosporin
178
Indications for chest drain
purulent fluid, pH
179
Kidneys stones in high urinary ammonia?
Struvite
180
What setting to start bipap on? In COPD?
IPAP 10, EPAP 4 COPD: IPAP 15, EPAP 4
181
Most common cause of secondary HTN?
Conn's Hyperaldosteronsim HTN and hypokalaemia
182
Erlenmeyer flask deformity?
Gauchers syndrome
183
CI for ivabradine in angina?
Bradycardia Don't give if HR
184
SAAG - how to calculate and interpret
serum albumin - fluid albumin SAAG >11 (fluid protein is low)indicates portal HTN SAAG malignancy infection
185
What do Methadone, ketamine and memantine have in common?
NMDA receptor active
186
Treatment for IIH?
acetazolamide
187
First line treatment for absence seizures?
Sodium valproate or ethosuxamide
188
CI to thrombolysis
Anticoag barin tumour seizure LP in last week Stroke in last 3 months Bleeding BP >200/100 Pregnancy
189
LFT rise warranting stopping a statin?
3 times upper limit of normal
190
Raised CRP in SLE?
May indicate underlying infection Usuually normal
191
Treatment of type B Aortic dissection
IV labetalol
192
How to distinguish between WAHA and CAHA?
Warm autoimmune haemoltyic anaemia IgG (Ghana is warm) Extravascular (outside UK)autoimmune associations Cold autoimmune haemoltyic anaemia IgM (manchester is cold)Intravascular (inside the UK)Associated with infection such as EBV (cold weather)
193
Success rate of Epley manoevre
0.8
194
First line antiemetic in HG
Cyclizine / promethazine
195
Treatment for ESBL?
Meropenam
196
Test for Behcet's?
Positive Pathergy test (like a skin prick test)
197
Management of lead poisoning
DMSA D-penacillamine
198
Hemicrania continua
Type of Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias which is continuous pain Treat with indomethacin
199
Gout prophylaxis if allopurinol not suitable?
Febuxostat
200
Whats first line in parkinsons if motor symptoms are causing issues?
Levodopa
201
Whats first line in parkinsons where motor symptoms are not impacting QOL?
dopamine agonist (non-ergot derived), levodopa or monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor
202
Which parkinsons drugs are CI in impulse behaviour disorders?
Dopamine agonists
203
Whats Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia?
decreased sensitivity to high extracellular calcium PTH is not suppressed since ca is not detected as much
204
Whats Liddle syndrome?
Mimics hyperaldosteronism (faulty na channel in nephron)
205
gold standard for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis
Splenic aspirate or bone marrow biopsy
206
Diabetic patient becomes pregnant - considerations?
Increased retinal screening Stop statins and ACEi Monitor blood sugar closely
207
Diabetic patient becomes pregnant - considerations?
Increased retinal screening Stop statins and ACEi Monitor blood sugar closely
208
What’s botulism, who gets it and how is it treated?
Flaccid weakness of face and neck IVDU or tinned foods Antitoxin
209
Treatment for IgA nephropathy?
no proteinuria, normal GFR observe proteinuria - ACE inhibitor
signifcant fall in GFR/not responding to ACE inhibitor - corticosteroid
210
Treatment of MRSA
Linezolid Vanc if septicaemia
211
Imaging for Cervical myelopathy
MRI C Spine
212
Features of CADASIL?
Migraines with aura TIA and strokes Dementia in 50s
213
Presentation of atrial septal defect
Occurs later in life (40s) when atria become dilated Cardiac efficiency decreases Fixed split S2
214
Measuring rneal function in people with very large muscle mass?
Cystatin C
215
PMP22 gene?
Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy (HNPP)
Minor pressure on nerve causes neuropathy
216
Dietary changes following giardia?
Can cause temporary lactose intolerance
217
Whats Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia?
side effect of chemo
tingling and numbness
May need dose reduction in chemo
218
What is chlorthalidone?
Thiazide diuretic
219
Treatment for renal stones and hypercalciuria
Thiazide diuretics
220
Theophylline overdose?
Theophylline is like caffeine, treats bronchoconstriction, causes vasofilation and increased cardiac contractility
Narrow window and in poisoning:
- acidosis, hypokalaemia
- vomiting
- tachycardia, arrhythmias
- seizures
221
Treatment of bloody diarrhoea and fever? (Eg salmonella)
Cipro
222
Age eligible for shingles vaccine?
70-79
223
AF previous failed DC cardioversion, what can you do?
Trial Amiodarone before trying DCCV again
224
Dextracardia ECG signs
inverted P wave in lead I, right axis deviation, and loss of R wave progression
225
Multifocal motor neuropathy
Slowly progressive, distal motor neuropathy
Over year
Anti-GM1
226
High lymphocytes in CSF in bact meng picture?
TB or Lyme's disease
227
First line treatment for Hep B?
Peginterferon alfa-2a
228
Threshold ferritin level in CKD to give EPO
Ferritin needs to be >100 (replace iron if less)
229
Whats Gardner's syndrome?
variant of FAP
bowel polyps
osteomas
CIBH
230
4 diagnostic criteria of HHT
- epistaxis
- multiple telangectasia
- visceral involvement (AV malformations)
- first degree relative
231
Anti-GAD associations?
Stiff man syndrome (paraneoplastic)
Latent autoimmune diabetes
232
Type 1 RTA associations
RA, SLE, renal stones, sjogrens
233
Type 2 RTA associations
Fanconi syndrome, Wilsons disease, cystinosis
234
Psitticosis pneumonia prodrome?
Fevers, epistaxis, diarrhoea
235
Important differential to rule out in IIH?
Venous sinus thrombosis (to CT venogram)
236
pAF investigation if patient experiences symptoms that are >24 hours apart
Events recorder (pt activates recording when symptoms are present)
237
Indications for cardiac resynch therapy in HF?
Max med therapy (A+B+SGLT2+spiro)
QRS is wide
238
Dabigatran reversal?
idarucizumab
239
Triggers for Cholesterol embolisation
starting warfarin
vascular surgery
angiography
240
Whats beer drinker's potomania
hypo-osmolality syndrome causing low urinary solute excretion
Hyponatraemia
Terrible nutrition of solutes
241
Investigation for hydatid cysts?
Serology for Echinococcus granulosus
242
Other name for post strep glomerulonephritis?
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
243
Follow up after birth in women with Gestational Diabetes?
Fasting glucose at 6-12 weeks
244
Treatment for malignant hypercalcaemia
Fluids
Bisphosphonate
Calcitonin
